## Quick read for those tight on time

The State of Unclassified and Commercial Technology
Capable of Some Electronic Assault Effects
Eleanor White, P.Eng.
Last Update: November 19, 2009
http://www.raven1.net/uncom.htm

Note: The information content of this article has not been updated since December 1999. The information here applies regardless of the year it is read. Slight changes in wording will be made from time to time as activism to expose crimes done with this equipment may change the current terminology.

QUICK READ covering just those technologies directly capable of duplicating through wall silent electronic harassment, and which have been available to the public for decades. This long document includes those, and is for those who want more information than the quick read.

The quick read is better for educating the public as to the reality of electronic harassment.

OVERVIEW of the crime of organized stalking and electronic harassment, which also mentions the proven technologies and is written for educating those who are not targets.

More comic strips

To help the reader appreciate the importance of this matter...

"We need a program of psychosurgery and political control of our society. The purpose is physical control of the mind. Everyone who deviates from the given norm can be surgically mutilated. "The individual may think that the most important reality is his own existence, but this is only his personal point of view. This lacks historical perspective.
"Man does not have the right to develop his own mind. This kind of liberal orientation has great appeal. We must electrically control the brain. Some day armies and generals will be controlled by electrical stimulation of the brain."

Dr. Jose Delgado (MKULTRA experimenter who demonstrated a radio- controlled bull on CNN in 1985)
Director of Neuropsychiatry, Yale University Medical School
Congressional Record No. 26, Vol. 118, February 24, 1974

Monkeys in restraint, wires coming out of top of skull, left image "normal", right image with electric current being fed into the monkey's brain - note pupil sizes and clenched teeth! These images portray Dr. Delgado's ruthless disregard for life, pain, and suffering!

    ===========================================================================
    CONTENTS

    This document is organized so that a narrative article appears at the top,
    followed by appendices.

    - BLACK = NARRATIVE ARTICLE
    - BLUE = APPENDICES

    I.    LIMITATIONS.......................................................  3
    II.   INTRODUCTION......................................................  3
    III.  E-HARASSMENT EFFECTS..............................................  4
    IV.   MAJOR TECHNOLOGY CLASSES..........................................  9
    V.    PULSED MICROWAVE.................................................. 12
    VI.   ULTRASOUND AND VOICE-FM........................................... 15
    VII.  THROUGH-WALL RADAR................................................ 19
    VIII. THOUGHT READING................................................... 21
    IX.   IMPLANTS ......................................................... 23
    X.    CONCLUSION........................................................ 25
    XI.   APPENDICES........................................................ 27
    PM1.....THE OLD MEDICAL DEVICE, THE LIDA MACHINE........................ 28
    PM2.....DR. ALLAN FREY'S PAPER.......................................... 32
    PM3.....NASA ARTICLE.................................................... 43
    PM4.....SCIENCE & ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES/KOHN'S PROJECTS................ 46
    PM5.....BIOLOGICAL AMPLIFICATION (OF EM SIGNALS)........................ 48
    PM6.....DR. DON R. JUSTESEN'S REPORT: 1974 VOICE TO SKULL SUCCESS....... 52
    PM7.....U.S. GOVT DOCUMENT RE: RUSSIAN MIND CONTROL..................... 54
    PM8.....OAK RIDGE LABS AND OTHER BULLETINS...............................58
    US1.....SILENT SOUND, BRITISH ITV & NEXUS MAGAZINE...................... 64
    US2.....U/SONIC MIND CONTROL COMMON, UNCLASSIFIED, MENSA EDITOR FINDS... 76
    US3.....U/SONIC U.S. ARMY WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT................... 87
    US4.....SILENT HYPNOSIS, VOICE-FM COMMERCIAL METHOD..................... 88
    US5....."ACOUSTIC SPOTLIGHT", CAN TARGET ONE PERSON IN CROWD............ 92
    TWR1....THE LADS DEVICE................................................ 100
    TWR2....THE RADAR FLASHLIGHT........................................... 102
    TWR3....MILLIVISION THRU-CLOTHING/WALL RADAR........................... 103
    TWR4....GROUND [**OR HOME/APT WALL**] PENETRATING RADAR................ 104
    TR1.....COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE THOUGHT-READING DEVICES................. 108
    TR2.....IMPLANTED RATS CAN CONTROL DEVICES WITH THOUGHT................ 112
    TR3.....THOUGHT READING BY RADIO SIGNAL................................ 114
    TR4.....ELECTRONICS SEES WHAT A CAT SEES............................... 117
    TR5.....MIND SWITCH - THINK APPLIANCES ON, OFF, OR ADJUST.............. 120
    IMP1....PROMOTION OF HUMAN IMPLANTATION BY NIH......................... 123
    IMP2....ITALIAN DOCTOR REPORTS HUMAN IMPLANTATION...................... 126
    IMP3....IMPLANT TRANSMITS PHYSIO- AND PSYCHO- PARAMETERS BY RADIO...... 127
    IMP4....DR JOSE DELGADO'S "STIMOCEIVER"/HUMAN IMPLANT EXPERIMENTS...... 130
    IMP5....UNCLASSIFIED SATELLITE TRACKING HUMAN IMPLANT SYSTEM........... 134
    PS......POSTSCRIPT..................................................... 136

    ===========================================================================
    I.    LIMITATIONS

    The author acknowledges that this article falls short of a rigorous
    academic paper.  This is explained by the fact that organized stalking
    and electronic harassment targets are kept in a sort of "barely
    alive" condition, with significant health problems, and either unable
    to work or just barely able to hold a job with limited earning
    potential.

    Furthermore, since the perpetrators constantly work to prevent the
    public from knowing anything about organized stalking and electronic
    harassment, evidence is obtainable with great difficulty, and often
    the only evidence is of lower quality than would be accepted for a
    scientific treatise.

    In short, everything in this article represents a struggle against
    immense odds.  We ask readers to understand this.

    Up to Contents
    ===========================================================================
    II.   INTRODUCTION

    Electronic assault and control technology had it's start in the
    1950s, as an obscure branch of the CIA's MKULTRA project group.
    Just as organized crime is not stopped by hearings and court cases,
    neither did this originally obscure branch of MKULTRA activity, when
    the institutional/drug/child abuse phases were exposed by the U.S.
    Senate's Church-Inouye hearings in the late 1970s.  No criminal
    proceedings followed, and only two civil law suits (Orlikow and
    Bonacci) have succeeded.

    This assembly of unclassified and commercial literature is to show
    investigators and concerned citizens that in spite of the tightest
    possible information blackout imposed in the early 1970s, enough of
    the classified electronic harassment and control technology has
    leaked out to show that significant classified accomplishments are
    overwhelmingly likely, and in need of disclosure, here at the end of
    the 20th century.

    It is hoped that government and media, who have shied away from this
    topic for decades, preferring the warm fuzzy feelings that "this can't
    be true", will read about the unclassified and commercial devices and
    understand the implications of continued turning the other way.

    Up to Contents
    ===========================================================================
    III.  E-HARASSMENT EFFECTS

    The following description of electronic attacks is taken from the personal
    experiences of the "2,000 or so" known organized stalking and electronic
    harassment targets.  The targets without exception report that once the
    harassment begins, in virtually all cases it continues for life.  It
    continues in every city, state, and country the target moves to.  It
    continues in prisons and hospitals, even when the target is dying of cancer.

    Many targets are young seniors, and some in their 70s and 80s.

    Some have children and the children are often subjected to the same
    attacks as their parent(s).  Pets are not only tortured, but even
    killed, painfully and violently.

    The attacks pattern:

    This article is about unclassified/commercial technologies which can
    produce some of the effects of the harassment equipment:

    - All harassment consists of unique, carefully engineered-unprovable
      events to produce psychological stress in the victim.  There are
      no events which do not fit that apparent purpose.
    - In every series of stress event type, one, and often a PAIR of,
      introductory event(s) of very high energy/effect is staged.  The
      obvious purpose is to be certain the victim KNOWS this is external
      harassment, and not just "bad luck".  From that time forward, the
      perpetrators appear to apply "Pavlovian training" so that they can
      get the victim to "jump" (or react in some way) to the same effect
      at a tiny fraction of the initial "introductory" event.
    - This type of harassment started during the Cold War, and shows every
      characteristic of military and intelligence psychological warfare
      operations.  Only Congress is likely to be able to access direct
      evidence from those agencies, so at the moment, that is a guess.
    - This type of harassment points to CONTROL of the test subject.
      Endlessly repeated words generated inescapably within the skull
      are just one hypnosis-like experience.
    - The total number and type of crimes which make up organized stalking and
      electronic harassment simply could not take place without cover
      being supplied by government.  Bizarre court decisions in which the
      target is forced into involuntary mental health treatment and a
      criminal spouse (for example, a pedophile father discovered "doing"
      his own child) clearly show that organized stalking and electronic
      harassment are heavily protected by all levels of government and
      the medical establishment.

    The effect types categorized:

    Here is a list of most of the common effects.  It is not exhaustive,
    but is intended to show the reader how the perpetrators' pallette
    of stress effects is broken down.  Indent levels are used to show
    categories and sub-categories:

    1.  Invasive At-a-Distance Body Effects (including mind)

        a.  Sleep deprivation and fatigue
            i.  Silent but instantaneous application of "electronic
                caffeine" signal, forces awake and keeps awake
            ii. Loud noise from neighbours, often SYNCHRONIZED
                to attempts to fall asleep
            iii.Precision-to-the-second "allowed sleep" and "forced
                awakening"; far too precise and repeated to be natural
            iv. Daytime "fatigue attacks", can force the victim to sleep
                and/or weaken the muscles to the point of collapse
        b.  Audible Voice to Skull (V2S); sometimes non-voice sounds
            i.  Delivered remotely, at a distance
            ii. Made to appear as emanating from thin air
            iii.Voices or sound effects only the victim can hear
        c.  Inaudible Voice to Skull (Silent Sound)
            i.  Delivered by apparent at a distance radio signal;
                manifested by sudden urges to do something/go somewhere
                you would not otherwise want to; silent (ultrasonic)
                hypnosis is possible
            ii. Programming hypnotic "triggers" - i.e. specific phrases
                or other cues which cause specific involuntary actions
        d.  Violent muscle triggering (flailing of limbs)
            i.  Leg or arm jerks to violently force awake and keep awake
            ii. Whole body jerks, as if body had been hit by large jolt
                of electricity
            iii.Violent shaking of body; seemingly as if on a vibrating
                surface but where surface is in reality not vibrating
        e.  Precision manipulation of body parts (slow, specific purpose)
            i.  Manipulation of hands, forced to synchronize with closed-eyes
                but FULLY AWAKE vision of previous day; very powerful and
                coercive, not a dream
            ii. Slow bending almost 90 degrees BACKWARDS of one toe at a
                time or one finger at a time
            iii.Direct at-a-distance control of breathing and vocal cords;
                including involuntary speech
            iv. Spot blanking of memory, more than normal forgetfulness
        f.  Reading said-silently-to-self thoughts
            i.  Engineered skits where your thoughts are spoken to you
                by strangers on street or events requiring knowledge of
                what you were thinking
            ii. Real time reading subvocalized words, as while the victim
                reads a book, and BROADCASTING those words to nearby people
                who form an amazed audience around the victim
        g.  Direct application of pain to body parts
            i.  Hot-needles-deep-in-flesh sensation
            ii. Electric shocks (no wires whatsoever applied)
            iii.Powerful and unquenchable itching, often applied precisely
                when victim attempts to do something of a delicate or
                messy nature
            iv. "Artificial fever", sudden, no illness present
            v.  Sudden racing heartbeat, relaxed situation
        h.  Surveillance and tracking
            i.  Rapping under your feet as you move about your apartment,
                on ceiling of apartment below
            ii. Thru wall radar used to monitor starting and stopping
                of your urination - water below turned on and off
                in sync with your urine stream

    2.  Invasive Physical Effects at a Distance, non-body

        a.  Stoppage of power to appliances (temporary, breaker ON)
        b.  Manipulation of appliance settings
        c.  Temporary failures that "fix themselves"
        d.  Flinging of objects, including non-metallic
        e.  Precision manipulation of switches and controls
        f.  Forced, obviously premature failure of appliance or
            parts

    3.  External Stress-Generating "Skits"

        a.  Participation of strangers, neighbours, and in some cases
            close friends and family members in harassment
            i.  Rudeness for no cause
            ii. Tradesmen always have "problems", block your car, etc.
            iii.Purchases delayed, spoiled, or lost at a high rate
            iv. Unusually loud music, noise, far beyond normal
        b.  Break-ins/sabotage at home
            i.  Shredding of clothing
            ii. Destruction of furniture
            iii.Petty theft
            iv. Engineered failures of utilities
        c.  Sabotage at work
            i.  Repetitive damage to furniture
            ii. Deletion/corruption of computer files
            iii.Planting viruses which could not have come from
                your computer usage pattern
            iv. Delivered goods delayed, spoiled, or lost at a high rate
            v.  Spreading of rumors, sabotage to your working reputation
            vi. Direct sabotage and theft of completed work; tradesmen
                often involved and showing obvious pleasure

    Illustration of the bodily effects

    Up to Contents
    ===========================================================================
    IV.   MAJOR TECHNOLOGY CLASSES

    These technology classes are for the UNclassified and commercial
    equipment which can emulate the "real" classified electronic
    harassment equipment.

    Technologies summary more suitable for activism.

    TRANSMISSION METHODS FOR NEURO-EFFECTIVE SIGNALS:

        - pulsed microwave (i.e. like radar signals)
        - ultrasound and voice-FM (transmitted through the air)

        While transmission of speech, dating from the early 1970s,
        was the first use of pulsed microwave, neuro-effective
        signals of as yet unknown type can now cause many other
        nerve groups to become remotely actuated.  At time of
        writing, that technology appears to be classified.

    PAVLOVIAN HYPNOTIC TRIGGERS:

        A [Pavlovian] hypnotic trigger is a phrase or any other
        sensory cue which the victim is programmed to involuntarily
        act on in a certain way.  The 50s-70s MKULTRA survivors can
        still be triggered from programming done decades ago.  A name
        "manchurian candidate", from a novel by John Marks, is used
        to describe a person who carries Pavlovian triggers.

        One of the main goals of the institutional/drug/child
        abuse phases of the CIA MKULTRA atrocities (1950's through
        1970's) was to implant triggers using a "twilight
        state" (half-conscious) medication and tape recorded
        hypnosis.  The ultimate goal was to have the acting out
        of Pavlovian triggers erased from the victim's memory.

        Using a combination of Joseph Sharp voice to skull and
        Lowery Silent Sound technologies, these triggers can now
        be planted with the subject being unaware, or just barely
        aware of a very high tone in his or her hearing sense.

    THROUGH-WALL SURVEILLANCE METHODS:

        So-called "millimeter wave" scanning.  This method uses the
        very top end of the microwave radio signal spectrum just
        below slightly into the infra-red frequency region.  To view
        small objects or people clearly, the highest frequency that
        will penetrate non-conductive or poorly- conductive walls is
        used.  Millimeter wave scanning radar can be used in two modes:

        - passive (no signal radiated, uses background
          radiation already in the area to be scanned,
          totally UNdetectable)
        - active (low power millimeter wave "flashlight"
          attached to the scanner just as a conventional
          light mounted on a camcorder), or, the use of
          archaeological ground penetrating radar

    THOUGHT READING:

        Thought reading can be classed as a "through wall
        surveillance" technology.  Thought reading, in the
        unclassified/commercial realm, can be broken down as
        follows:

        - magnetic skull-proximity or throat (vocal cord
          proximity) reading
        - EEG (electroencephalogram) interpretation,
          particularly by way of inside the brain pickup
          wires

        The ability to read and display what the eyes are
        seeing using implanted pickups is one form of
        technology almost the same as "thought reading".

        NASA and DARPA have been reported in the mainstream
        press as working on technology which can pick up
        silently-said-to-self thoughts through pickup coils
        against the throat.

    BRAIN ENTRAINMENT:

        The reverse of biofeedback.  Those low frequency electrical
        brain rhythms which are characteristics of various moods
        and states of sleep can not only be read out using
        biofeedback equipment or EEG machines, but using radio,
        sound, contact electrodes, or flashing lights, the moods
        and sleep states can be generated or at least encouraged
        using brain entrainment devices.

        Brain entrainment signals cannot carry voice, which is a
        much higher frequency range.  Brain entrainment can,
        however, be used to "set up" a target to make him/her more
        susceptible to hypnosis by inducing a relaxed and/or
        sleeping state.  (This is the same state used by remote
        viewers.)

    These major technology classes can produce some of the observed
    electronic harassment effects, FROM HIDING AND UNDETECTABLY, with the
    exception of remote physical manipulation.

    IMPLANTATION is sometimes used to assist the above technologies
    but with current devices.  Implants do not appear to be required,
    based on large numbers of people who have had no surgery, no
    unexplained wounds, and no missing time.

    Diagram showing the overall method, based entirely on unclassified
    1974 technology, of how SILENT hypnosis may be transmitted to a
    target without the target's being aware.  This technique is probably
    the most insidious, because it allows months and years of programming
    and Pavlovian trigger-setting, while the target cannot resist
    because the target can't hear the programming.

    Up to Contents
    ===========================================================================
    V.    PULSED MICROWAVE

    Pulsed microwave voice-to-skull (or other-sound-to-skull) transmission
    was discovered during World War II by radar technicians who found they
    could hear the buzz of the train of pulses being transmitted by radar
    equipment they were working on.  This phenomenon has been studied
    extensively by Dr. Allan Frey, whose work has been published in a number
    of reference books.

    What Dr. Frey found was that single pulses of microwave could be heard
    by some people as "pops" or "clicks", while a train of uniform pulses
    could be heard as a buzz, without benefit of any type of receiver.

    Dr. Frey also found that a wide range of frequencies, as low as 125 MHz
    (well below microwave) worked for some combination of pulse power and
    pulse width.  Detailed unclassified studies mapped out those frequencies
    and pulse characteristics which are optimum for generation of "microwave
    hearing".

    Very significantly, when discussing electronic harassment, is the
    fact that the PEAK PULSE POWER required is modest - something like
    0.3 watts per square centimeter of skull surface, and this power level
    is only applied for a very small percentage of each pulse's cycle time.
    0.3 watts/sq cm is about what you get under a 250 watt heat lamp at
    a distance of one meter.  It is not a lot of power.

    When you take into account that the pulse train is OFF (no signal) for
    most of each cycle, the average power is so low as to be nearly
    undetectable.

    Frequencies that act as voice-to-skull carriers are not single freq-
    uencies, as, for example TV or cell phone channels are.  Each sensitive
    frequency is actually a range or "band" of frequencies.  A technology
    used to reduce both interference and detection is called "spread
    spectrum".  Spread spectrum signals have the carrier frequency "hop"
    around within a specified band.

    Unless a receiver "knows" the hop schedule in advance, there is virtually
    no chance of receiving or detecting a coherent readable signal.  Spectrum
    analyzers, used for detection, are receivers with a screen.  A spread
    spectrum signal received on a spectrum analyzer appears as just more
    "static" or noise.

    My organization was delighted to find the actual method of the first
    successful UNclassified voice to skull experiment in 1974, by Dr.
    Joseph C. Sharp, then at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.

    Dr. Sharp's basic method is shown in Appendix PM6, below.  A Frey-
    type audible pulse was transmitted every time the voice waveform
    passed down through the zero axis, a technique easily duplicated by
    ham radio operators who build their own equipment.

    Simple Sharp V2S demo circuit  Note that
    this is NOT a microwave voice to skull transmitter.  It simply
    demonstrates how voice (or music) can be synthesized using a string
    of proplerly spaced clicks.

    A pattern seems to be repeated where research which could be used for
    mind control starts working, the UNclassified researchers lose funding,
    and in some cases their notes have been confiscated, and no further
    information on that research track is heard in the unclassified press.

    Pulsed microwave voice-to-skull research is one such track.

    Illustration showing the principle behind pulsed microwave voice-to-skull

    Appended articles:

    PM1 http://www.raven1.net/lida.htm, photo and description of
        the old medical device, the Korean War vintage LIDA machine, a
        radio frequency BRAIN ENTRAINMENT device developed by Soviet Russia
        as a drugless tranquilizer.  BRAIN ENTRAINMENT IS INCLUDED IN THE
        RADIO FREQUENCY SECTION BECAUSE THE MOST INSIDIOUS METHOD OF BRAIN
        ENTRAINMENT IS TO SILENTLY USE RADIO SIGNALS.

    PM2 http://www.raven1.net/frey.htm, Human Auditory System Response
        To Modulated Electromagnetic Energy, Allan H. Frey, General Electric
        Advanced Electronics Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

    PM3 http://www.raven1.net/v2s-nasa.htm, NASA technical report
        abstract stating that speech-to-skull is feasible

    PM4 http://www.raven1.net/v2s-kohn.htm, DOD/EPA small business
        initiative (SBIR) project to study the UNclassified use of voice-to-
        skull technology for military uses.  (The recipient, Science and Engin-
        eering Associates, Albuquerque NM, would not provide me details on the
        telephone)

    PM5 http://www.raven1.net/bioamp.htm, Excerpts, Proceedings of
        Joint Symposium on Interactions of Electromagnetic Waves with
        Biological Systems, 22nd General Assembly of the International
        Union of Radio Science, Aug 25 - Sep 2, 1987, Tel Aviv, Israel
        SHOWS BIOLOGICAL AMPLIFICATION OF EM SIGNALS, pointing to relative
        ease with which neuro-electromagnetic signals can trigger effects

    PM6 http://www.raven1.net/v2succes.htm, Excerpt, Dr. Don R.
        Justesen, neuropsychological researcher, describes Dr. Joseph C.
        Sharp's successful transmission of WORDS via a pulse-rate-
        modulated microwave transmitter of the Frey type.

    PM7 http://www.raven1.net/russ.htm, FOIA article circulated among
        U.S. agencies describing the Russian TV program "Man and Law",
        which gives a glimpse into the Russian mind control efforts.
        (Dr. Igor Smirnov, a major player, was used as a consultant to
        the FBI at the Waco Branch Davidian standoff.)

    Up to Contents
    ===========================================================================
    VI.   ULTRASOUND AND VOICE-FM

    Ultrasound is vibration of the air, a liquid, or a solid, above the
    upper limit of human hearing which is roughly 15,000 Hz in adults.
    Voice-FM uses a tone at or near that upper limit, and the speaker's
    voice VARIES the frequency slightly.  Either a "tinnitus-like sound"
    or nothing is heard by the target.

    Ultrasound/voice-FM can be transmitted in these ways:

    - directly through the air using "air type transducers"
    - directly to the brain using a modulated microwave pulse train
    - through the air by piggybacking an ultrasound message on top
      of commercial radio or television

    The use of commercial radio or television requires that the input signal
    at the transmitter be relatively powerful, since radio and TV receivers
    are not designed to pass on ultrasound messages.  However, the average
    radio and TV receiver does not simply stop ultrasound, rather, the ability
    to pass ultrasound messages "rolls off", i.e. decreases, as the frequency
    is increased.

    Today's radios and TVs can carry enough ultrasound messaging to be "heard"
    by the human brain (though not the ear) to be effective in conveying
    hypnosis.  This was proven by the U.S. military forces in the Gulf War.

    Ultrasound's (and voice-FM's) main advantage in mind electronic harassment
    work is that it can carry VERBAL hypnosis, more potent than simple
    biorhythm entrainment.

    The brain CAN "hear" and understand this "inaudible voice", while the ear
    and conscious hearing cannot.  Once you can convey hypnotic suggestion
    which cannot be consciously heard, you have eliminated a major barrier to
    the subject's acceptance of the words being transmitted.

    In previous decades, "subliminal advertising" using voice and images at
    normal frequencies were "time sliced" into an apparently normal radio or
    TV broadcast.  This apparently did not work well, and now voice-FM
    "subliminal learning tapes" commercially available have superseded the
    old time slice method.

    Illustration showing the operation of "silent sound" with the human
    hearing system, using near-ultrasound, FREQUENCY MODULATED voice

    One method for projecting either audible voice or voice-FM over
    long distances, virtually undectable if line of sight, is the "acoustic
    heterodyne" or "HyperSonic Sound" system, patented by American Technologies
    Corporation, San Diego CA, http://www.atcsd.com

    Illustration showing the principle of an ultrasound projection system
    capable of true ventriloquism at a distance, by American Technologies
    Corporation (licensor), Akai Japan (licensee)

    Appended articles:

    US1 http://www.raven1.net/silsoun2.htm, ITV Silent Sound report
        with comments by Judy Wall, Editor, Resonance, newsletter of MENSA's
        bioelectromagnetic special interest group

    US2 http://www.raven1.net/commsolo.htm, an article by Judy Wall
        outlining instances of UNclassified, openly-admitted-to, electronic
        mind control operations by government agencies.

    US3 http://www.raven1.net/armyparw.htm, an SBIR (small business
        initiative contract) which clearly shows intent to use ultrasound as
        an anti-personnel weapon, including one-man portability and with power
        to kill

    US4 http://www.raven1.net/ssnz.htm, a commercial New Zealand company,
        Altered States Ltd., sells tapes which perform "suggestions" (i.e.
        hypnosis but not called such) using the Lowery patent voice-FM
        method, to hypnotize without the subject being aware.  This is a key
        feature of neuro-electromagnetic involuntary experiments.

    US5 http://www.raven1.net/acouspot.htm, a page originally from the
        MIT Media Lab's acoustic engineer, Joseph Pompeii.  Describes a similar
        technique under commercial and military development (American Techno-
        logies Corp., San Diego) under the trade name "Hypersonic Sound".
        Shows that sound can be focussed to the extent of targetting just one
        person in a crowd, acoustically, using ultrasound.

    Up to Contents
    ===========================================================================
    VII.  THROUGH-WALL RADAR

    When "millimeter wave" microwave signals are received, the waves are so
    small that they can display a two-dimensional outline of an object.  Lower
    frequency radar can only show a "blip" which indicates an object's presence
    or motion, but not it's outline.

    Incoming millimeter wave signals are channeled on to a plate with a two-
    dimensional array of elements sensitive to millimeter wave frequencies, in
    exactly the same way a camcorder focusses light on to array of sensitive
    light pickups.  Each of the sensitive elements is scanned in a definite
    order, just as with a TV camera and screen, and a picture showing the
    outline of an object is formed.

    If no signal is sent out by the scanner, it is called "passive" millimeter
    wave radar.  If the subject is illuminated by a separate source of
    millimeter wave signals, it is an "active" scanner.  Since passive systems
    can penetrate clothing and non-conductive walls UNDETECTABLY, it is obvious
    that with just a small millimeter wave "flashlight", non-conductive walls
    can be scanned through and still very little detectable signal is present.

    Millimeter wave through-clothing, through-luggage is currently in use
    at airports, but can be a powerful tool for stalking groups wishing to
    harass a target at home.

    The subject is portrayed in the nude.

    Appended articles:

    TWR1 http://www.raven1.net/lads.htm, LADS, Life Assessment Detector
         System, a product of VSE Corporation, can scan through more than
         a hundred feet of non-conductive or poorly-conductive material to
         detect a beating human heart

    TWR2 http://www.raven1.net/nij_p44.htm, Prototype version of the
         "radar flashlight", which is a more portable version of the LADS
         system above.  Can also be used to illuminate a subject for use
         with a Millivision thru-clothing/thru-nonconductive wall scanner

    TWR3 http://www.raven1.net/millitec.htm, October 1995 blurb from
         Popular Mechanics, with photos showing hidden guns used for demo
         purposes (Millitech sold the rights to Millivision)

    TWR4 http://www.raven1.net/psradar.htm, March 22 text taken from
         Patriot Scientific Corporation's web site, their ground-penetrating
         radar section.  Patriot's GPR overcomes the limitation of the
         Millivision passive radar, i.e. inability to penetrate partially
         conductive walls.

    Up to Contents
    ===========================================================================
    VIII. THOUGHT READING

    "Thought reading", at least of words "silently said-to-self", appears to
    be not that difficult to do.  NASA is experimenting with sensitive
    pickup coils on the throat of a pilot, for example.

    Thought reading by way of pickup wires or coils on the head is an enhanced
    version of computer speech recognition, with EEG waves being substituted
    for sound waves.

    The easiest "thought" reading is actually remote picking up of the electro-
    magnetic activity of the speech-control muscles in the vocal cords.

    When we "say words to ourselves, silently", or, read a book, we can actually
    FEEL the slight sensations of those words in our vocal muscles - all that is
    absent is the passage of air.  Coordinated speech signals are relatively
    strong and relatively consistent.

    The other kind of "thought reading", i.e. "MINING" someone's brain for
    information from a distance is SPECULATIVE.  We targetted individuals have
    no way to verify that is happening, however, we do know that we are "fed"
    hypnotic signals to force consistent "neutral" content (but of different
    character than prior to becoming test subjects,) DREAMS.

    These forced, neutral content ("bland" content) dreams occur every single
    night and may represent the harassers' (or experimenters') efforts to have
    our experiences portray themselves in such dreams, in effect, MINING our
    experiences.  Again, this is SPECULATION, but it seems very logical.

    Appendix TR4, referenced below, confirms the ability of current unclassified
    technology to actually see what a living animal sees, electronically.  It is
    therefore extremely likely that these forced dreams can be displayed on the
    experimenters' screens.

    Finally, among the "couple of thousand" known organized stalking and
    electronic harassment, we sometimes have strangers either tell us what we
    are thinking, say they can pick up our broadcast thoughts, or tell us about
    events inside our homes at times when they could not have seen from the
    outside.  BUGS and covert cameras are not used, and they have been searched
    for.

    Appended articles:

    TR1 http://www.raven1.net/thotuncl.htm, Commercially available
        thought-reading devices, both implant-style and non-implant

    TR2 http://www.raven1.net/ratrobot.htm, Implanted rats can control
        devices with their thoughts

    TR3 http://www.raven1.net/ebrain.htm, from the July 1973 issue of
        Popular Electronics, a system to read EEG signals (the stuff of which
        thought reading is made) at a distance by passing a radio signal through
        the human head and analyzing the passed-through signal.  THIS IS NOT
        PROVEN TECHNOLOGY but it is one experimenter's suggestion.

    TR4 http://www.raven1.net/elecvisn.htm, an article describing
        electronically reading a cat's brain waves and constructing a real-time
        image on screen from the EEG traces

    TR5 http://www.raven1.net/m_switch.htm, the text from a site describing
        a mind-controlled "switch", which can not only turn appliances on or off,
        but also adjust controls like volume.

    Up to Contents
    ===========================================================================
    IX.   IMPLANTS

    Electronic implants are actually one of the older forms of electronic mind
    control technology.  Implants can either receive instructions via radio
    signals, passing them to the brain, or, can be interrogated via external
    radio signals to read brain activity at a distance.

    Implants are currently used, however, many of our group have had no
    surgery, unexplained wounds, or missing time since becoming targets, and
    we suspect that both implant and non-implant technology may be in use.
    Implants are significant for these reasons:

    1.  Their use, since World War II and continuing to the present day,
        associated with MKULTRA atrocities, is a crystal clear indication
        that a MOTIVE POOL of unethical researchers has existed through
        the late 1970s.  The same people, none jailed, are still working,
        by and large.  The reader can see that the existence of the same
        motive pool is overwhelmingly likely, given that no social changes
        have occurred which would prevent that.

    2.  The fact that to date (autumn 1999) no victim who has had implants
        removed has ever been able to get custody of the removed implant
        shows that research programmes using implants are still quite active
        and obviously quite important to someone.  Implants, even though
        not in the hands of the victim, were photographed and are quite
        real:

        See http://www.ritualabuse.net/MCF/,
        the Mind Control Forum for details on involuntary experimentees'
        implantation and removal experiences.

    3.  The use of implants shows that, in the field of involuntary human
        experimentation, not every perpetrator group has access to the
        most sophisticated (implant-less) technology.  Since implants for
        beneficial purposes are actively being promoted by NIH, it is
        obvious they will not disappear any time soon.

    Appended articles:

    IMP1 http://www.raven1.net/centneur.htm, an article showing that
         human implantation is being done and even encouraged by the U.S.
         NIH (National Institutes of Health).  While this public information
         is for the public good, it is a small step to move from publicly
         known and VOLUNTARY implantation to CONCEALED implantation for
         INvoluntary and criminal purposes.

    IMP2 http://www.raven1.net/italydoc.htm, a testimonial by an
         Italian psychiatrist who has been assisting involuntary experimentees;
         this doctor began by assisting [Satanic or other] ritual abuse victims.
         Apparently involuntary brain implantation is alive and well in Italy,
         why not elsewhere?

    IMP3 http://www.raven1.net/telectro.htm, a project abstract by
        AF, awarded to perform unclassified research and development of human
        implants which can read both physio- and PSYCHO- parameters.

    IMP4 http://www.raven1.net/stimocvr.htm, an excerpt describing
        human implantation for purposes of two-way communication with the brain
        by way of implants and FM VHF radio.  Blows away any doubts that human
        implantation has not been done, and even more, that the U.S. military
        are involved.

    IMP5 http://www.raven1.net/sattrack.htm, describes an unclassified
        human implant satellite tracking system, ostensibly for benevolent use.
        (No method for avoiding unethical uses is described.)  Applied Digital
        Solutions, Inc., Palm Beach, Florida.

    Up to Contents
    ===========================================================================
    X.    CONCLUSION

    Conclusion?  While the documentary evidence in this report, attached as
    appendices below, does not exactly "prove" we are being targeted by
    intelligence/defence contractors using classified electronic weapons, it
    certainly eliminates the argument that such devices are impossible, don't
    exist, or that government has "no interest" in them, or that the "were
    tried years ago but didn't work".

    Add in the experiences of victims of the Tuskegee untreated syphilis exper-
    iments, the feeding of radioactive food to uninformed U.S. citizens, and
    the atrocities perpetrated under the institutional/drug/child abuse phases
    of the CIA's MKULTRA programmes, and you have more than enough grounds to
    petition for an independent, open investigation of electronic harassment
    capable technologies.

    No doubt there were citizens of ancient Pompeii who argued that Vesuvius
    could not possibly erupt in their lifetimes.

    Eleanor White

    If any doubts as to the importance of this issue remain, please see below
    what the U.S. NSA (National Security Agency) says would be the result of
    releasing information on electronic mind control, which is one motive
    for developing weapons which can be used for electronic harassment:

    Up to Contents
    ===========================================================================
    XI.    APPENDICES

            UP TO THIS PAGE, THIS REPORT HAS BEEN A NARRATIVE
            AUTHORED BY ELEANOR WHITE.  THE APPENDICES ARE
            A COLLECTION OF THE BEST QUALITY FACTUAL MATERIAL
            FROM OFFICIAL SOURCES OUTSIDE THE ORGANIZED STALKING
            AND ELECTRONIC HARASSMENT GROUP.  THIS MATERIAL
            MAY BE INDEPENDENTLY VERIFIED FROM REFERENCES
            PROVIDED.

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX  PM1 ... THE LIDA MACHINE

    Associated Press (Exact date not shown on copy but tests took place
    1982/83) Loma Linda (Veterans Hospital research unit)
    San Bernardino County

    An old medical, Russian-made device that transmits pulses
    of 40 MHz radio signal at pulse rates designed to match
    relaxed and sleeping states originally.

    The machine, known as the LIDA, is on loan to the Jerry L.
    Pettis Memorial Veterans Hospital through a medical exchange
    program between the Soviet Union and the United States.

    Hospital researchers have found in changes behaviour in
    animals.

    "It looks as though instead of taking a valium when you want
    to relax yourself it would be possible to achieve a similar
    result, probably in a safer way, by the use of a radio field
    that will relax you" said Dr. Ross Adey, chief of research
    at the hospital.  [Dr. Adey is now deceased.]

    [Missing one line on the photocopy] ... manual shows it
    being used on a human in a clinical setting, Adey said.
    The manual says it is a "distant pulse treating apparatus"
    for psychological problems, including sleeplessness, hyper-
    tension and neurotic disturbances.

    The device has not been approved for use with humans in this
    country, although the Russians have done so since at least
    1960, Adey Said.

    Low frequency radio waves simulate the brain's own electromagnetic
    current and produce a trance-like state.

    Adey said he put a cat in a box and turned on the LIDA.

    "Within a matter of two or three minutes it is sitting there
    very quietly ... it stays almost as though it were transfixed"
    he said.

    Tho hospital's experiment with the machine has been underway
    for three months and should be completed within a year,
    Adey said.

    Eleanor White's comments (Dr. Byrd's statement follows):

    1.  Heavy "fatigue attacks" are a very common experience among
    involuntary neuro-electromagnetic experimentees.  The LIDA device
    could, right out of the box, be used as a fatigue attack weapon,
    FROM HIDING, thru non- or semi-conductive walls.

    2.  If the LIDA machine is tuned for tranquilizing effect, then
    it might also be tuned for "force awake" and other effects too.
    This device is an electronic harassment weapon, AS IS.  A TV
    documentary stated the Russian medical establishment considers
    this 1950s device obsolete.  (Wonder what has taken it's place?)

    Below is a statement from Dr. Eldon Byrd, U.S. psychotronic
    researcher who funded Dr. Adey's work with the LIDA machine:

    "The LIDA machine was made in the 1950's by the Soviets.  The CIA
    purchased one through a Canadian front for Dr. Ross Adey, but
    didn't give him any funds to evaluate it.

    "I provided those funds from my project in 1981, and he determined
    that the LIDA would put rabbits into a stupor at a distance and
    make cats go into REM.

    "The Soviets included a picture with the device that showed an
    entire auditorium full of people asleep with the LIDA on the
    podium.  The LIDA put out an electric field, a magnetic field,
    light, heat, and sound (of course light and heat are
    electromagnetic waves, but at a much higher frequency than the low
    frequencies of the electric and magnetic fields mentioned above).

    "The purported purpose of the LIDA was for medical treatments;
    however, the North Koreans used it as a brain washing device
    during the Korean War.  The big question is:  what did they do
    with the technology?  It could have been improved and/or made
    smaller.  It is unlikely that they abandoned something that
    worked.

    "Direct communication with Ross Adey:  While he was testing the
    LIDA 4, an electrician was walking by and asked him where he got
    the "North Korean brain washing machine".  Ross told him that is
    was a Russian medical device.

    "The guy said he had been brain-washed by a device like that when
    he was in a POW camp. They placed the vertical plates alongside
    his head and read questions and answers to him.  He said he felt
    like he was in a dream.  Later when the Red Cross came and asked
    questions, he responded with what had been read to him while under
    the influence of the device.  He said he seemed to have no control
    over the answers.

    "The LIDA is PATENTED IN THE US.  Why?  They are not sold in the
    US--the only one I know that exists is the one that was at Loma
    Linda Medical Center where Adey used to work.  Eldon"

    .................................................................

    Involuntary neuro-experimentation activist Cheryl Welsh, Davis CA,
    sent in this clipping from an article by Dr. Ross Adey but without
    complete bibliographic references:

    "Soviet investigators have also developed a therapeutic device
    utilizing low frequency square wave modulation of a radiofrequency
    field.  This instrument known as the Lida was developed by L.
    Rabichev and his colleagues in Soviet Armenia, and is designed  for
    "the treatment of neuropsychic and somatic disorders, such as
    neuroses, psychoses, insomnia, hypertension, stammering, bronchia
    asthma, and asthenic and reactive disturbances".

    It is covered by U.S. Patent # 3,773,049.  In addition to the
    pulsed RF field, the device also delivers pulsed light, pulsed
    sound, and pulsed heat.  Each stimulus train can be independently
    adjusted in intensity and frequency.

    The radiofrequency field has a nominal carrier frequency of 40 MHz
    and a maximum output of approximately 40 Watts.  The E- field is
    applied to the patient on the sides of the neck through two disc
    electrodes approximately 10 cm in diameter.  The electrodes are
    located at a distance of 2-4 cm from the skin.

    [Eleanor White's comment:  The fact that Dr. Ross Adey mentioned
    an "audience" being put to sleep by the LIDA suggests that the
    "E-field" electrodes may not play an essential role.  The radio
    signal appears to be the primary cause of the sleep/trance effect.]

    Optimal repetition frequencies are said to lie in the range from 40
    to 80 pulses per minute.  Pulse duration is typically 0.2 sec.  In
    an 8 year trial period, the instrument was tested on 740 patients,
    including adults and children.  Postivive therapeutic effects were
    claimed in more..."

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX PM2 - FREY'S PAPER

## Human Auditory System Response To Modulated Electromagnetic Energy

## ALLAN H. FREY

### General Electric Advanced Electronics Center Cornell University Ithaca, New York

    TRANSCRIPTION, Courtesy of MindNet Archives, Mike Coyle
    posted at http://www.ritualabuse.net/MCF/

    Frey, Allan H., Human Auditory system response to modulated
    electromagnetic energy. J. Appl. Physiol. 17(4): 689-692.  1962.

    (*) Asterisks indicate unreadable characters in the original copy.

    NOTE:  In 1962, frequencies were expressed as kiloCYCLES,
    megaCYCLES, etc., with abbreviations being kc, mc

    --The intent of this paper is to bring a new phenomena to the
    attention of physiologists.  Using extremely low average power
    densities of electromagnetic energy, the perception of sounds was
    induced in normal and deaf humans.  The effect was induced several
    hundred feet from the antenna the instant the transmitter was turned
    on, and is a function of carrier frequency and modulation. Attempts
    were made to match the sounds induced by electromagnetic energy and
    acoustic energy.

    The closest match occurred when the acoustic amplifier was driven by
    the rf transmitter's modulator. Peak power density is a critical
    factor and, with acoustic noise of approximately 80 db, a peak power
    density of approximately 275 mw / rf is needed to induce the
    perception at carrier frequencies 125 mc and 1,310 mc.  The average
    power density can be at rf as low as 400 _u_w/cm2.  The evidence for
    the various positive sites of the electromagnetic energy sensor are
    discussed and locations peripheral to the cochlea are ruled out.

    Received for publication 29 September 1961.

    A significant amount of research has been conducted with the effects
    of radio-frequency (rf) energy on organisms (electro- magnetic energy
    between 1 kc and ** Gc). Typically, this work has been concerned with
    determining damage resulting from body temperature increase.  The
    average power densities used have been on the order of 0.1-t w/cm2
    used over many minutes to several hours.

    In contrast, using average power densities measured in microwatts per
    square centimeter, we have found that ****r effects which are
    transient, can be induced with rf energy.  Further, these effects
    occur the instant the transmitter is turned on.  With appropriate
    modulation, the perception of different sounds can be induced in
    physically deaf, as well as normal, in human subjects at a distance
    of inches up to thousands of feet from the transmitter.  With
    somewhat different transmission parameters, you can induce the
    perception of severe buffeting of the head, without such apparent
    vestibular symptoms as dizziness or nausea.  Changing transmitter
    parameters down, one can induce a "pins-and-needles" sensation.

    Experimental work with these phenomena may yield information on
    auditory system functioning and, more generally, in the nervous
    system function.  For example, this energy could possibly be used as
    a tool to explore nervous system coding, possibly using Neider and
    Neff's procedures (1), and for stimulating the nervous system without
    the damage caused by electrodes.

    Since most of our data have been obtained of the "rf sound" and only
    the visual system has previously been shown to respond to
    electromagnetic energy, this paper will be concerned only with the
    auditory effects data.  As a further restriction, only data from
    human subjects will be reported, since only this data can be
    discussed meaningfully at the present time.  The long series of
    studies we performed to ascertain that we were dealing with a
    biological significant phenomena (rather than broadcasts from sources
    such as loose fillings in the teeth) are summarized in another paper
    (2), which also reports on the measuring instruments used in this
    work.

    The intent of this paper is to bring this new phenomenon to the
    attention of physiologists.  The data reported are intended to
    suggest numerous lines of experimentation and indicate necessary
    experimental controls.

    Since we are dealing with a significant phenomenon, we decided to
    explore the effects of a wide range of transmitter parameters to
    build up the body of knowledge which would allow us to generate
    hypotheses and determine what experimental controls would be
    necessary.  Thus, the numbers given are conservative; they should not
    be considered precise, since the transmitters were never located in
    ideal laboratory environments.  Within the limits of our
    measurements, the orientation of the subject in the rf field was of
    little consequence.

    Most of the transmitters used to date in the experimentation have
    been pulse modulated with no information placed on the signal.  The
    rf sound has been described as being a buzz, clicking, hiss, or
    knocking, depending on several transmitter parameters, i.e., pulse
    width and pulse-repetition rate (PRF).  The apparent source of these
    sounds is localized by the subjects as being within, or immediately
    behind the head.  The sound always seems to come from within or
    immediately behind the head no matter how the subjects twists or
    rotates in the rf field.

    Our early experimentation, preformed using transmitters with very
    short square pulses and high pulse-repetition rates, seemed to
    indicate that we were dealing with harmonics of the PRF.  However,
    our later work has indicated that this is not the case; rather, the
    rf sound appears to be incidental modulation envelope on each pulse,
    as shown in Fig 1.

    Some difficulty was experienced when the subjects tried to match the
    rf sound to ordinary audio.  They reported that it was not possible
    to satisfactorily match the rf sound to a sine wave or to white
    noise.  An audio amplifier was connected to a variable bypass filter
    and pulsed by the transmitter pulsing mechanism.  The subjects, when
    allowed to control the filter, reported a fairly satisfactory match.
    The subjects were fairly well satisfied with all frequencies below
    5-kc audio were eliminated and the high- frequency audio was extended
    as much as possible.  There was, however, always a demand for more
    high-frequency components.  Since our tweeter has a rather good
    high-frequency response, it is possible that we have shown an
    analogue of visual phenomenon in which people see farther into the
    ultraviolet range when the lenses is eliminated from the eye.  In
    other words, this may be a demonstration that the mechanical
    transmission system of the ossicles cannot respond to as high a
    frequency as the rest of the auditory system.  Since the rf bypasses
    the ossicle system and the audio given the subject for matching does
    not, this may explain the dissatisfaction of our subjects in the
    matching.

    FIG. 1. Oscilloscope representation of transmitter output over
            time (pulse-modulated).

                     TRANSMITTER ELECTRONIC NOISE
                           |--(INCIDENTAL MODULATION)
                           |
                          \/
                       :.:.:.:             :.:.:.:
                       |     |             |     |
                       |     |             |     |
                       |     |             |     |
                     ---     ---------------     -----------
                      ON     OFF          ON     OFF

    FIG. 2. Audiogram of deaf subject (otosclerosis) who had a "normal"
            rf sound threshold.

              -10|----|----|----|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|
                 |    |    |    |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
                0|----|----|----|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| A = RIGHT BONE
                 |    |    A    |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
                 |----|----B----A--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| B = LEFT BONE
                 |    |    |  B |  A  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
      LOSS(db) 20|----|----|----B--B--AB-B--B--B--AB-|--| C = LEFT AIR
                 |    |    |    |  |  |  |  A  |  |  |  |
                 |----|----|----|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| D = RIGHT AIR
                 |    |    |    |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  C
               40|----|----|----|--|--|--|--|--|--|--C--|
                 |    |    C C  C  |  |  |  |  |  C  |  |
                 |----C----|----D--|--C--C--C--|--D--D--D
                 |    |    D    |  D  |  |  D  |  |  |  |
               60|----D----|----|--|--D--|--|--|--|--|--|
                 |    |    |    |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
                 |----|----|----|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|
                 |    |    |    |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
               80|----|----|----|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|
                 |    |    |    |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
                 |----|----|----|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|
                 |    |    |    |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
              100|----|----|----|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|
                     125  250  500   1000  2000  4000  8000
                            FREQUENCY (cps)

    TABLE 1. Transmitter parameters

    Trans-   Frequency,    Wave-     Pulse Width,  Pulses Sec.   Duty Cy.
    mitter      mc       length, cm    _u_sec

      A       1,310        22.9           6           244         .0015
      B       2,982        10.4           1           400         .0004
      C         425        70.6         125            27         .0038
      D         425        70.6         250            27         .007
      E         425        70.6         500            27         .014
      F         425        70.6        1000            27         .028
      G         425        70.6        2000            27         .056
      H       8,900         3.4           2.5         400         .001

    FIG. 3. Attenuation of ambient sound with Flent antinoise stopples
            (collated from Zwislocki (3) and Von Gierke (4).

                 |----|---|--|--|-|-|-|||----|---|--|-|||
                 |    |   |  |  | | | |||    |   |  | |||
                 |----|---|--|--|-|-|-|||----|---|--|-||| A = FLENTS
                 |    |   |  |  | | | |||    |   |  | |||
               10|----|---|--|--|-|-|-|||----|---|--|-||| B = THEORETICAL LIMIT
                 |    |   |  |  | | | |||    |   |  | |||     OF ATTENUATION BY
    FUNCTION(db) |----|---|--|--|-|-|-|||----|---|--|-|||     EAR PROTECTORS
                 A    |   |  |  | | | |||    |   |  | |||
                 |----A---|--|--|-|-|-|||----|---|--|-|||
                 B    |   A  A  A | A AAA   A|   |  | |||
                 |----B---B--|--|-A-|-|||----A---|--|-|||
                 |    |   |  |  B | | |||    | A |  | |||
               30|----|---|--|--|-|-|-B||----|---A--|-A||
                 |    |   |  |  | | | |||    |   |  A |A|
                 |----|---|--|--|-|-|-|||B---|---|--|-||A
                 |    |   |  |  | | | |||  B |   |  | |||
                 |----|---|--|--|-|-|-|||----|---|--|-||B
                 |    |   |  |  | | | |||    B   |  | B||
                 |----|---|--|--|-|-|-|||----|---|-B|-|||
                 |    |   |  |  | | | |||    | B |  | |||
               50|----|---|--|--|-|-|-|||----|---|--|-|||
                 |    |   |  |  | | | |||    |   |  | |||
                 |----|---|--|--|-|-|-|||----|---|--|-|||
                 |    |   |  |  | | | |||    |   |  | |||
                 |----|---|--|--|-|-|-|||----|---|--|-|||
                100                    1000           10000
                            FREQUENCY

    TABLE 2. Theshold for perception of rf sound (ambient noise level 70-
             90 db).
                                                                  Peak
                                     Avg        Peak     Peak    Magnetic
                                    Power      Power   Electric   Field
    Trans-   Frequency,  Duty Cy.  Density,   Density   Field      amp.
    mitter      mc                 mw, cm2    mw, cm2   v cm     turns, m

      A       1,310      .0015      0.4         267      14         4
      B       2,982      .0004      2.1       5,250      63        17
      C         425      .0038      1.0         263      15         4
      D         425      .007       1.9         271      14         4
      E         425      .014       3.2         229      13         3
      F         425      .028       7.1         254      14         4

    FIG. 4. Threshold energy as a function of frequency of electromagnetic
            energy (ambient noise level 70-90 db).

            10000|---------|-------------|--------------|
                 |---------|-------------|--------------|
      PEAK       |---------|-------------|--------------|
      POWER      |---------|-------------|-------------*|
      DENSITY    |---------|-------------|------------*-|
      (mw/cm2)   |         |             |          *   |
                 |---------|-------------|---------*----|
                 |         |             |       *      |
                 |---------|-------------|------*-------|
                 |         |             |    *         |
                 |         |             |   *          |
                 |         |             | *            |
             1000|---------|-------------*--------------|
                 |---------|-----------*-|--------------|
                 |---------|---------*---|--------------|
                 |         |       *     |              |
                 |---------|-----*-------|--------------|
                 | * * * * * * *         |              |
                 |---------|-------------|--------------|
                 |         |             |              |
                 |         |             |              |
                 |         |             |              |
              100|---------|-------------|--------------|
                200       1000          2000           3000
                            FREQUENCY (mc)

    FIG. 5. Microwave power distribution in a forehead model neglecting
            resonance effects and considering only first reflections
            (from Nieset et al. (5), modified).

                 |    REFLECTED                    ABSORBED
              1.5|--- FREQUENCIES                  FREQUENCIES
                 |                   * *
                 |                  *    *         * = 10% OF INCIDENT
     CENTIMETERS |Cortical         *                       POWER
                 |Tissue                    *
                 |                *                @ = 20% OF INCIDENT
              1.0|---                         *            POWER
                 |                *
                 |                *              *
                 |Bone
                 |               *                 *
                 |
              0.5|---           *      @  @   @       *
                 |Muscle     *    @               @
                 |Fat          @                     @    *
                 |Skin       @                          @ @
                0|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|---
                 0          100        1000        10000       100000
                            FREQUENCY (mc)

    FIG. 6. Area most sensitive to electromagnetic energy (shaded portion).

                                *   *  * * * *
                            *                    *
                          *                        *
                         * *       ::::::           *
                          *  *   :::::::::          *
                         *  O  *  ::::::::          *
                       *              * *           *
                         *               *          *
                         *               *         *
                          ***         **          *
                         *        *             *
                           *  * * *             *
                                  *              *
                                  *               *
                                   * * * * * * * * *

    At one time in our experimentation with deaf subjects there seemed to
    be a clear relationship between the ability to hear audio above 5 kc
    and the ability to hear rf sounds.  If a subject could hear above 5
    kc, either by bone or air conduction, then he could hear the rf
    sounds.  For example, the threshold of the subject whose audio gram
    appears in Fig. 2 was the same average power density as our normal
    subjects.  Recently, however, we have found people with a notch
    around 5 kc who do not perceive the rf sounds generated by at least
    one of our transmitters.

    THRESHOLDS

    As shown in Table 1, we have used a fairly wide range of transmitter
    parameters.  We are currently experimenting with transmitters that
    radiate energy at frequencies below 425 mc, and are using different
    types of modulation, e.g., pulse-repetition rates as low as 3 and
    4/sec.

    In the experimentation reported in this section, the ordinary noise
    level was 70-90 db (measured with a General Radio Co. model 1551-B
    sound level meter.)  In order to minimize the rf energy used in the
    experimentation, subjects wore Flent antinoise ear stoppers whenever
    measurements were made.  The ordinary noise attenuation of the Flents
    is indicated in Fig. 3.  Although the rf sounds can be heard without
    the use of Flents, eventhough they have an ambient noise evel of 90
    db, it appears that the ambient noise to some extent "masked" the rf
    sound.

    Table 2 gives the thresholds for the perception of the sounds.  It
    shows fairly clearly that the critical factor in the perception of
    the rf sound is the peak power density, rather than the average power
    density.  The relatively high value for transmitter B was expected
    and will be discussed below.  Transmitter G has been omitted from the
    table since the 20-mw/cm2 reading for it can be considered only
    approximate.  The field-strength-measuring instruments used in that
    experiment did not read high enough to give an accurate reading.  The
    energy from transmitter H was not perceived, even when the peak power
    density was as high as 25 w/cm2.

    When the threshold energy is plotted as a function of the rf energy
    (Fig. 4), a curve is obtained which is suggestive of the curve of
    penetration of rf energy into the head.  Figure 5 shows the
    calculated penetration, by frequency of rf energy, into the head. Our
    data indicate that the calculated penetration curve may well be
    accurate at the higher frequencies but the penetration at the lower
    frequencies may be greater than that calculated on this model.

    As previously noted, the thresholds were obtained in a high ambient
    noise environment.  This is an unusual situation as compared to
    obtaining thresholds of regular audio sound.  One recent
    experimentation leads us to believe that, if the ambient noise level
    were not so high, these threshold fields strengths would be much
    lower. Since one purpose of this paper is to suggest experiments, it
    might be appropriate to theories as to what the rf sound threshold
    might be if we assumed that the subject is in an anechoic chamber.
    It is also assumed that there is no transducer noise.

    Given: As a threshold for the rf sound, a peak power density of 275
    mw/cm2 determined in an ambient noise environment of 80 db. Earplugs
    attenuate the ambient noise 30 db.

    If: 1 mw/cm2 is set equal to o db, then 275 mw/cm2 is equal to 24 db.

    Then: We can reduce the rf energy 50 db to -26 db as we reduce the
    noise level energy from 50 db to o db.  We found that -26 db rf
    energy is approximately 3 _u_w/cm2.

    Thus:  If an anechoic room, rf sound could theoretically be induced
    by a peak power density of 3 _u_w/cm2 measured in free space.  Since
    only 10% of this energy is likely to penetrate the skull, the human
    auditory system and a table radio may be one order of magnitude apart
    in sensitivity to rf energy.

    Up to Contents

    RF DETECTOR IN AUDITORY SYSTEM

    One possibility that seems to have been ruled out in our
    experimentation is that of a capacitor-type effect with the tympanic
    membrane and oval window acting as plates of a capacitor. It would
    seem possible that these membranes, acting as plates of a capacitor,
    could be set in motion by rf energy.  There are, however, three
    points of evidence against this possibility.  First, when one rotates
    a capacitor in an rf field, a rather marked change occurs in the
    capacitor as a function of its orientation in the field.  When our
    subjects rotate or change the positions of their heads in the field,
    the loudness of the rf sound does not change appreciably.  Second,
    the distance between these membranes is rather small, compared with
    the wavelengths used.  As a third point, we found that one of our
    subjects who has otosclerosis heard the rf sound.

    Another possible location for the detecting mechanism is in the
    cochlea.  We have explored this possibility with nerve-deaf people,
    but the results are inconclusive due to factors such as tinnitus. We
    are currently exploring this possibility with animal preparations.

    The third likely place for the detection mechanism is the brain. Burr
    and Mauro (6) presented evidence that indicates that there is an
    electrostatic field about neurons.  Morrow and Sepiel (7) presented
    evidence that indicates the existence of a magnetic field about
    neurons.  Becker (personal communication) has done some work
    indicating that there is longitudinal flow of charged carriers in
    neurons.  Thus, it is reasonable to suspect that possibly the
    electromagnetic field could interact with neuron fields.  As yet,
    evidence of this possibility is inconclusive.  The strongest point
    against it is that we have not found visual effects although we have
    searched for them.  On the other hand, we have obtained other
    nonauditory effects and have found that the sensitive area for
    detecting rf sounds is a region over the temporal lobe of the brain.
    One can shield, with a 2-in.2 piece of fly screen, a portion of the
    stippled area shown in Fig. 6 and completely cut off the rf sound.

    Another possibility should also be considered.  There is no good
    reason to assume that there is only one detector site.  On the
    contrary, the work of Jones et al. (8), in which they placed
    electrodes in the ear and electrically stimulated the subject, is
    sufficiently relevant to suggest the possibility of more than one
    detector site. Also, several sensations have been elicited with
    properly modulated electromagnetic energy.  It is doubtful that all
    of these can be attributed to one detector.

    As mentioned earlier, the purpose of this paper is to focus the
    attention of physiologists on an unusual area and stimulate
    additional work on which interpretations can be based.
    Interpretations have been deliberately omitted from this paper since
    additional data are needed before a clear picture can emerge. It is
    hoped that the additional exploration will also result in an increase
    in our knowledge of nervous system functions.

    REFERENCES:

    Neider, P.C. and W.D. Neff. Science 133: 1010, 1961.

    Frey, A.H.  Aero Space Med. 32: 1140, 1961.

    Zwislocki, J. Noise Control 4:42, 1958.

    Von Gierke, H. Noise Control 2:37, 1956.

    Nifset, R., Pinneo R. Baus J. Fleming, & R. McAfee.  Ann. Rept. USAF
    Rome Air Development Command, TR-61-65, 1961.

    Burr, H., & J.  Seipel, J. Wash Acad. Sci. 21: 455, 1949.

    Morrow, R., & J.  Seipel. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 30: 1, 1969.

    Jones, R.C., S.S.  Stevens, & M.H. Laurie. J. Acoust. Sci. Am. 12:
    281, 1940.

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX PM3 - NASA ARTICLE

    TITLE: Effects of low power microwaves on the local cerebral blood flow of
    conscious rats

    Original web link, folded for readability
    http://techreports.larc.nasa.gov/ntrs/hget.cgi?recon?2044/3=/raid5/index/
         star/80%2517043725%202044%20N19810004209recon1

    ..........................................................
    Eleanor White's inserted note:

    See the ITALIC text below.  This abstract has implications
    FAR beyond "rats"
    ..........................................................

    Document ID:   19810004209  N (81N12720) File Series: NASA Technical Reports
    Report Number: AD-A090426
    Sales Agency & Price: CASI Hardcopy or Microfiche

    Authors:
    Oscar, K. J. (Army Mobility Equipment Command)

    Published: Jun 01, 1980

    Corporate Source:
    Army Mobility Equipment Command (Fort Belvoir, VA, United States)
    Pages: 10
    Contract Number: None

    NASA Subject Category: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)

    Abstract:

    A decoy and deception concept presently being considered is to
    remotely create the perception of noise in the heads of personnel by
    exposing them to low power, pulsed microwaves. When people are
    illuminated with properly modulated low power microwaves the
    sensation is reported as a buzzing, clicking, or hissing which seems
    to originate (regardless of the person's position in the field)
    within or just behind the head. The phenomena occurs at average power
    densities as low as microwatts per square centimeter with carrier
    frequencies from 0.4 to 3.0 GHz. By proper choice of pulse
    characteristics, intelligible speech may be created. Before this
    technique may be extended and used for military applications, an
    understanding of the basic principles must be developed. Such an
    understanding is not only required to optimize the use of the concept
    for camouflage, decoy and deception operations but is required to
    properly assess safety factors of such microwave exposure.

    Major Subject Terms:

    AUDITORY PERCEPTION
    BRAIN CIRCULATION
    DECEPTION
    MICROWAVES
    PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
    RADIATION EFFECTS

    Minor Subject Terms:

    BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
    HEMODYNAMICS
    MILITARY TECHNOLOGY
    RADIATION DOSAGE
    SOUND LOCALIZATION

    Language Note: English

    NASA Access Help Desk

    E-mail:  help@sti.nasa.gov
    Phone:   301-621-0390
    FAX: 301-621-0134

    Eleanor White's comments:  I have received this report in it's
    entirety and I find that the article itself is about the title:
    Cerebral blood flow in rats.  We involuntary experimentees are
    extremely lucky that the authors mentioned the success of microwave
    voice to skull transmission in this official document.

    Below I have extracted some of the references to the full document
    which appear to be more promising and specific.  This sub-list is
    guesswork since the references omit article titles, but any articles
    by Frey or Justesen are potentially useful.

    1.  Frey, A.H., Messenger, R. and Eichert, E.,
        National Technical Information Service,
        Doc. No. AD747684 (1972)

    5.  Justesen, D.R., IEEE Spectrum 16, 67-68 (1979)

    7.  Frey, A.H., Feld, S.R., & Frey, B. Annals of
        N.Y. Academy of Science, 247, 433-439 (1975)

    18. Frey, A.H., & Messenger, R., Science  181,
        356-358 (1973)

    25. Frey, A.H., & Feld, S.R., Journal of Comp.
        Physiology and Psychology,  89, 183-188
        (1975)

    27. King, N.W., Justesen, D.R., & Clarke, R.L.,
        Science  172, 398-401 (1977)

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX PM4 - SEA/KOHN'S PROJECTS

    Communicating Via the Microwave Auditory Effect

    Web address:
    http://es.epa.gov/ncerqa_abstracts/sbir/other/monana/kohn.html
    Awarding Agency:  Department of Defense
    SBIR Contract Number: F41624-95-C-9007
    Title: Communicating Via the Microwave Auditory Effect
    Principal Investigator: Mr. Brian Kohn

    Company Name:
    Science & Engineering Assoc, Inc.
    6100 Uptown Blvd NE
    Albuquerque, NM 87110
    Telephone Number: 505-884-2300
    Business Representative:
    Project Period:
    Project Amount: $739,995
    Research Category: Monitoring/Analytical

    Description:

    An innovative and revolutionary technology is described that offers a
    means of low-probability-of-intercept Radio frequency (RF)
    communications.  The feasibility of the concept has been
    established using both a low intensity laboratory system and a
    high power RF transmitter.  Numerous military applications exist in
    areas of search and rescue, security and special operations.

    Supplemental Keywords: small business, SBIR,
    See also: http://www.seabase.com
    Last Updated:  November 17, 1997

    BRIAN KOHN'S PROJECT, EARLIER STUDY:

    Program: SBIR
    Agency: AF  Field
    Office: AL
    TOPIC Number: AF93-026
    Control Number: 93AL -185
    Contract Number: F41624-93-C-9013
    Phase: 1
    Awarded In: 93
    Award Amount: $37,806
    Award Start Date: 17 MAY 93
    Award Completion Date: 17 DEC 93
    Proposal Title: Communicating Via the Microwave Auditory Effect
    Principal Investigator Name:Brian Kohn
    Principal Investigator Phone:505-884-2300
    Firm SCIENCE & ENGINEERING ASSOC., INC.
    SEA Plaza
    6100 Uptown Blvd NE
    SUITE 700
    Albuquerque, NM 87110
    Woman Owned:  N
    Minority Owned:  N
    Number of Employees:  95

    Keywords:
    MICROWAVE HEARING RF HEARING
    BONE CONDUCTION THERMOELASTIC
    COCHLEAR MICROPHONICS

    Abstract:

    In this research program, we plan to investigate a revolutionary new
    form of communication based on the microwave auditory effect. This
    proposed communication idea satisfies the requirements for an
    innovative, natural interface requiring no learning or training for
    efficient operation and effective communications. The purpose of the
    program proposed here is to extend the results of a recent
    feasibility study, performed for the Armstrong Laboratory/OEDR. The
    study found that voice communications, via the microwave auditory
    effect, are highly feasible. In Phase I of this SBIR, we propose to
    investigate the range of potential applications for this radically
    different form of voice communication and recommend hardware and
    systems concepts suitable for laboratory and brassboard
    demonstrations to be built under Phase II.

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX PM5 - BIOLOGICAL AMPLIFICATION

    Electromagnetic Interaction With Biological Systems
    edited by Dr. James C. Lin, University of Illinois
    1989 Plenum Press, New York

    Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Interactions of
    Electromagnetic Waves with Biological Systems, held as part
    of the Twenty-Second General Assembly of the International
    Union of Radio Science, Aug 25 - Sept 2, 1987, in Tel Aviv,
    Israel.

    ISBN 0-306-43109-2
    QP82.2.N64E44 1989
    612.01448-dc19 88-38957
    CIP

    Eleanor White's comments on this posting:

    This book focusses on NON-ionizing radiation, and contains
    detailed texts about NON-THERMAL effects.  In other words,
    "right up our alley".

    The main use of this book is to show that it is easy for
    electromagnetic signals to cause radio frequency hearing and other
    effects at LOW power levels.  This in turn can be used to explain why
    DETECTION is so very difficult.

    I don't understand the biological jargon, however, a few of the more
    plain-language paragraphs STUNNINGLY verify that with careful choice
    of signal frequency and modulation, not only can the body's cells
    detect the modulation envelope of an incoming radio signal (i.e.
    function as a "cellular crystal set") but even AMPLIFY these
    carefully formed signals.  (Amplification of other effects, such as
    proneness to disease, is also covered in the book.)

    "Detection", in terms of radio signal reception, means that some
    portion of the reciever "rectifies", that is, turns the AC of the
    incoming signal into varying DC.  If this conversion is not done,
    voice to skull wouldn't work.

    The book touches also on ways in which cells communicate, and
    shows that electromagnetic fields of relatively weak power levels
    can affect intercellular communication, which is, as I understand
    the subject, what the brain is "all about".

    Bio-amplification is apparently why radio signals of very low average
    power ("MICROwatts" per NASA) can still produce audio effects,
    and no doubt plays a part in difficulties in detection.

    When two more characteristics of voice to skull are factored in:

    1. The carrier signal can be "hopped" continuously within the
       bioeffective bandwidth, known as "spread spectrum" transmission,
       and,

    2. The voice modulation most effective for undetectable hypnosis
       is evidently a voice shifted just above normal hearing, but still
       audible to the brain,

    ...you have a recipe for incredibly difficult signals to detect.

    This book is a mainstream publication, very well suited to use
    in our publicity and persuasion campaigns, and our dealings with
    authorities who claim radio signals don't affect living tissue
    except to heat it.

    Finally, many thanks to Blanche Chavoustie for providing me
    photocopies of this book - a saintly work!
    .............................................................
    Page 110:
    ...
    At that time [1953] excitatory mechanisms in nerver fibers
    and nerve cells were grouped under a common rubric of ionic
    equilibrium mechanisms.  There was little interest in the
    possibility that functional organization of mebranes of cell
    bodies might involve threshhold sensitivities to both
    oscillating EM fields and to molecular stimuli at energy
    levels substantially lower than predicted by Hodgkin-
    Huxley models, and substantially below typical threshholds
    in nerve fibers.

    Much recent research cited below has shown that imposed weak
    low frequency fields (and radiofrequency fields amplitude-
    modulated at ELF frequencies) that are many orders of
    magnitude weaker in the pericellular fluid [fluid between
    adjacent cells] than the membrane potential gradient [voltage
    across the membrane] can modulate actions of hormone, anti-
    body neurotransmitter and cancer-promoter molecules at their
    cell surface receptor sites.

    From their electrical characteristics, these sensitivities
    appear to involve nonequilibrium and highly cooperative
    processes that mediate a major amplification of initial
    weak triggers associated with binding of these molecules at
    their specific cell surface receptor sites.

    (Adey, 1983, 1986, 1987; Adey and Lawrence, 1984; Lawrence
    and Adey, 1982).

    Page 122:

    Cooperative Modification of Calcium Binding by RF Fields
    at Cell Surfaces with Amplification of Initial Signals

    Initial stimuli associated with weak perpindicular EM fields
    and with binding of stimulating molecules at their membrane
    receptor sites elicit a HIGHLY COOPERATIVE modification of
    Ca++ binding to glycoproteins along the membrane surface.

    As noted above, a longitudinal spread is consistent with
    the direction of extracellular current flow associated with
    physiological activity and imposed EM fields.  This cooper-
    ative modification of surface Ca++ binding is an
    AMPLIFYING STAGE, with evidence from concurent initial molecular
    binding events by imposed RF fields that there is a far greater
    increase in Ca++ efflux than is accounted for in the events of
    receptor-ligand binding (Bawin and Adey, 1976; Bawin et al,
    1975; Liu-Liu and Adey, 1982).

    Page 124:
    ...
    Enzymes are protein molecules that function as catalysts,
    initiating and enhancing chemical reactions that would not
    otherwise occur at tissue temperatures.  This ability resides
    in the pattern of electrical charges on the molecular surface.
    In the fashion of more familiar chemical catalysts, such as
    the hydrocarbon oxidation systems which function only at very
    high temperatures in automotive exhaust systems, a catalyst
    emerges unchanged from these reactions and is thus able to
    participate indefinitely in a specific reaction.

    Activation of these enzymes and the reactions in which they
    participate involve energies millions of times greater than
    in the cell surface cell surface triggering events initiated
    by the EM fields, emphasizing the MEMBRANE AMPLIFICATION
    inherent in this trans-membrane signaling sequence.

    Page 131:
    ...
    Stimulus Amplification in Cooperative Systems
    ...
    It is therefore clear that OBSERVED EM field interactions
    with cells and tissues based on oscillating ELF tissue gradients
    between 10 E-7 and 10 E-1 volts per centimeter would involve
    cooperativity MANY ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE GREATER than envisaged in
    the examples just cited.

    In part this discrepancy appears to relate to far greater
    sensitivities to low-frequency EM fields [EW: ELF, that is, the
    "entrainment" frequencies] and to RF fields with low-frequency
    amplitude-modulation [EW: this includes radar hearing signals]
    than to imposed step functions or DC gradients [EW: common
    with contact electrodes, not of interest in mind control at a
    distance] used in many electrochemical experiments and models
    to test levels of cooperativity in biological systems.
    (Blank, 1972)

    [EW: In plain language, both entrainment (ELF) fields and
    pulsating radar-like (RF) fields are a hell of a lot more
    influential on cells than some experimental work using DC
    and electrode methods.]

    Page 95:

    [EW: This section is not part of the demonstration that EM
    signals can be biologically amplified, as above.  It's main
    interest is that a magnetophosphene "gun" was under consider-
    ation by the U.S. National Institute of Justice in 1993, along
    with a "fever" gun and a "convulsion" gun, both using micro-
    wave technology.  As of 1999, nothing has been heard from NIJ
    on this development, however, page 95 here suggests that such
    a microwave weapon is feasible.]

    Magnetophosphenes

    An effect of time-varying magnetic fields on humans was first
    described by d'Arsonval (1896) [EW: Anyone doubt there has
    been some progress since 1896?] is the induction of a flicker-
    ing illumination within the visual field field known as
    magnetophosphenes.  This phenomenon occurs as an immediate
    response to stimulation by either pulsed or sinusoidal magnetic
    fields with frequencies less than 100 Hz, and the effect is
    completely reversible with no apparent influence on visual
    acuity.  The maximum visual sensitivity to sinusoidal magnetic
    fields has been found at a frequency of 20 Hz in human subjects
    with normal vision.

    [EW: Radio signals are a combination of electric and magnetic
    fields.  To radiate a 20 Hz signal would require such huge
    antennas that it is impractical to do so.  I'd recommend that
    if someone has the facilities and skills, I'd try some VHF (or
    microwave) pulsing at 20 Hz on an RF carrier at, say, the 2-meter
    (144-148 MHz) ham band with a duty cycle, say, of 20% pulse-ON
    time.]

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX PM6 - VOICE TO SKULL, 1974 SUCCESS

    Microwaves and Behavior
    Dr. Don R. Justesen
    Laboratories of Experimental Neuropsychology
    Veterans Administration Hospital
    Kansas City, Missouri
    as published in
    American Psychologist
    Journal of the American Psychological Association
    Volume 30, March 1975, Number 3

    ................ Eleanor's comments .........................
    This LAYS TO REST ANY DOUBTS THAT VOICE TO SKULL
    TECHNOLOGY DOES NOT EXIST OR IS "IN THE FUTURE"!
    PERIOD!

    This article describes in precise terms how Dr. Joseph C.
    Sharp and staff transmitted the WORDS for the digits 1 to 10
    using a modulated version of an Allan Frey type pulsed
    microwave transmitter.  A detailed description of Frey
    transmitters can be viewed at:

    Appendix PM2

    The relevant text is below.
    .............................................................
    Page 396:

    ...

    The demonstration of sonic transduction of microwave energy
    by materials lacking in water LESSENS the likelihood that a
    thermohydraulic principle is operating in human perception
    of the energy.  Nonetheless, some form of thermoacoustic
    transduction probably underlies perception.  If so, it is
    clear that simple heating is NOT a sufficient basis for the
    Frey effect; the requirement for pulsing of radiations
    appears to implicate a thermodynamic principle.

    Frey and Messenger (1973) and Guy, Chou, Lin, and Christen-
    sen (1975) confirmed that a microwave pulse with a slow rise
    time is INeffective in producing an auditory response; only
    if the rise time is SHORT, resulting in effect in a square
    wave with respect to the leading edge of the envelope of
    radiated radio-frequency energy, does the auditory response
    occur.

    [Eleanor's comment:  This is why we don't "hear" ordinary
    radio and TV signals.]

    Thus the rate of change (the first derivative) of the
    waveform of the pulse is a CRITICAL factor in perception.
    Given a thermodynamic interpretation, it would follow that
    information can be encoded in the energy and "communicated"
    to the "listener".

    Communication has in fact been demonstrated.  A. Guy (Note
    1), a skilled telegrapher, arranged for his father, a retired
    railroad telegrapher, to operate a key, each closure and
    opening of which resulted in a pulse of microwave energy.
    By directing the radiations at his own head, complex mess-
    ages via the Continental Morse Code were readily received
    by Guy.

    Sharp and Grove (note 2) found that appropriate modu-
    lation of microwave energy can result in "wireless" and
    "receiverless" communication of SPEECH.  The recorded by
    voice on tape each of the single-syllable words for digits
    between 1 and 10.  The electrical sine-wave analogs of each
    word were then processed so that each time a sine wave
    crossed ZERO REFERENCE IN THE NEGATIVE DIRECTION, a brief
    pulse of microwave energy was triggered.

    [Eleanor's comment:  This is, in effect a form of what is
    called pulse-RATE modulation.]

    By radiating themselves with these "voice modulated"
    microwaves, Sharp and Grove were READILY able to hear,
    identify, and distinguish among the 9 words.  [Typo?]
    The sounds heard were not unlike those emitted by persons
    with artificial larynxes.

    Communication of more complex words and of sentences was
    not attempted because the averaged densities of energy
    required to transmit longer messages would approach the
    current 10 milliwatts per square centimeter limit of safe
    exposure.

    The capability of communicating directly with a human being
    by "receiverless radio" has obvious potentialities both
    within and without the clinic.  But the hotly debated and
    unresolved question of how much microwave radiation a human
    being can safely be exposed to will probably forestall
    applications within the near future.

    ...

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX PM7 - U.S. GOVT DOCUMENT RE: RUSSIAN MIND CONTROL

    A Warning to the World from Russian Psychotronic Researchers

    Unclassified FOIA document, courtesy Cheryl Welsh, which is a bulletin
    circulated among U.S. government agencies reviewing an October 6, 1995
    Russian TV news segment titled "Man and Law" on the topic of mind
    control technology.  The images below complement another video produced
    by German ZDF TV and shown on December 22, 1998.  The 1998 video's
    transcribed sound track, in English is posted at:

    http://www.raven1.net/russvid.htm

    Here are the images of the FOIA document:

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX PM8 - OAK RIDGE LABS AND OTHER BULLETINS

    THE FOLLOWING SET OF ARTICLES HIGHLIGHTS OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABS'
    RESEARCH INTO RADIO FREQUENCY WEAPONS.  I HAVE PHONED THEM AND THE
    1993 NEWS RELEASE BELOW IS GENUINE.  E.W.

    ......................................................................
    Date sent:        Fri, 10 May 1996 17:52:55 -0700 (PDT)
    To:               MindNet@c2.org
    From:             vericomm@c2.org
    Subject:          MindNet Journal - Vol. 1, No. 73

        V E R I C O M M / MindNet         "Quid veritas est?"

    Sender: Owner-MindNet@c2.org

    The views and opinions expressed below are not necessarily the
    views and opinions of VERICOMM, MindNet, or the editors unless
    otherwise noted.

    Permission is given to reproduce and redistribute, for
    non-commercial purposes only, provided this information and the
    copy remain intact and unedited.

    Editor: Mike Coyle

    Assistant Editor: Rick Lawler

    Research: Darrell Bross

    PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES APPLICABLE TO DEVELOPMENT OF
    LESS-THAN-LETHAL WEAPONS

    Oak Ridge National Laboratory

    Physiological Responses Applicable to Development of
    Less-Than-Lethal Weapons

    Sponsored by National Institute of Justice

    Oak Ridge National Laboratory

    Less-than-lethal weapons have a variety of applications in law
    enforcement, including rescuing hostages, stopping fleeing
    felons, and quelling prison disturbances. The National Institute
    of Justice is sponsoring a broad program to develop new
    techniques for "friendly force" as an alternative to the use of
    deadly force. As part of this program, Oak Ridge National
    Laboratory (ORNL) is examining approaches based on known
    physiological responses to certain types of stimuli. These
    "weapons" would temporarily incapacitate an individual or a
    group with no lasting physiological damage. These concepts are
    based on ORNL's experience and expertise in biological-based
    systems and biophysical responses, particularly in evaluating
    the physical responses of humans to a variety of chemical,
    physical and radiological agents. ORNL also has extensive
    experience and expertise in risk analysis and in risk assessment
    and modeling.

    The ORNL less than-lethal weapons project sponsored by the
    National Institute of Justice began in September 1993. The
    following tasks are being performed:

    *   Locate and compile data from tests, accidents, medical
        literature, etc. on biological and biophysical responses
        to energetic stimuli (such as electromagnetic fields).
    *   Analyze the information and identify promising candidate
        mechanisms for further development for a friendly force
    *   Evaluate the applicability of the proposed approaches to
        several realistic scenarios (such as hostage rescue or riot
        control).

    ORNL has already examined several possible concepts for
    less-than-lethal weapons based on known physiological responses
    to energetic stimuli, including a thermal gun, a seizure gun,
    and a magnetophosphene gun. A thermal gun would have the
    operational effect of heating the body to 105 to 107F, thereby
    incapacitating any threat, based on the fact that even a slight
    fever can affect the ability of a person to perform even simple
    tasks. This approach is built on four decades of research
    relating radio frequency exposure to body heating. A seizure gun
    would use electromagnetic energy to induce epileptic-like
    seizures in persons within the range of a particular
    electromagnetic field. The magnetophosphene gun is designed
    around a biophysical mechanism which evokes a visual response
    and is thought to be centered in the retina, known as
    magnetophosphenes. This effect is experienced when a person
    receives a blow to the head and sees "stars". This same effect
    can be produced with electromagnetic energy. While there are a
    number of technical challenges to be overcome in building
    devices of these types, less-than-lethal weapons based on
    physiological responses to energetic stimuli would provide a
    safe and effective means of dealing with a number of law
    enforcement situations where use of deadly force is not
    desirable.

    For further information contact:

    Ray Downs, National Institute of Justice (202) 616-3509 Susan
    Sherrow, Oak Ridge Special Projects Office (615) 576-8024

    Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy
    Laboratory Managed by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.

    ................................................................
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    ......................................................................
    Los Angeles Herald Examiner, Section A, November 22, 1976

    Mind-Altering Microwaves:  Soviets Studying Invisible Ray

    A newly declassified U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency report
    says extensive Soviet research into microwaves might lead to
    methods of causing disoriented human behavior, nerve disorders,
    and even heart attacks.

    ...

    A copy of the study was provided by the agency to the Associated
    Press in response to a request under the Freedom of Information
    Act.

    ...

    Sounds and possibly even words which appear to be originating
    intercranially (within the head) can be induced by signal
    modulation at very low average power densities, the study said.

    ...

    One physiological effect which has been demonstrated is heart
    seizure, the report said.

    It said this has been accomplished experimentally in frogs
    by synchronizing the pulses of a microwave signal with the
    animal's heartbeat and beaming the radiation at the chest
    area.

    ......................................................................
    Microwave News, January-February 1987

    ZAP!

    Six hundred scientists and engineers with security clearances
    spend the first week of December at Kirtland Air Force Base in
    New Mexico examining the potential of high-power microwaves to
    zap enemy electronics...

    ... Many branches of the Department of Defense were represented,
    including the Air Force, the Army and the Navy, together with
    DARPA, DIA, and DNA.  The Lawrence Livermore Labs were also
    well represented, as were most of the big defense contractors -
    General Dynamics, Physics International and TRW each have a
    high-power microwave testing facility.

    In addition to these sources, susceptibility and hardening,
    there was one on biological effects:  Dr. David Erwin and
    Major Robert Downs represented the Air Force and Howard Bassen
    and Dr. John D'Andrea described the Army and Navy programs,
    respectively.  Dr. Frank Barnes of the University of Colorado
    in Boulder presented a poster paper on his and Dr. Howard
    Wachtel's research on the effects of pulsed microwaves.

    Chuck de Caro, a former correspondent for the Cable News Network,
    considers the possibility that the U.S. is falling behind the
    U.S.S.R. in microwave weapons in "The Zap Gap", to be published
    in the March issue of "The Atlantic" (see also MWN November-
    December 1986).

    ......................................................................
    Microwave News, January-February 1996

    RF WEAPONS - Disabling People and Electronics

    The military continues to explore development of RF weapons
    for the conflicts of the future.  For instance, the "First
    Directed Energy Warfare (DEW) Conference", held last year
    at the Mitre Corp. in McLean VA, featured Dr. David Erwin
    of the Armstrong Lab at Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX, on
    "Directed Energy Warfare RF Effects", and D.r Jose Pina of
    the CIA on "Ground Combat Applications of RF".  Other topics
    included "Personnel Vulnerability" and Directed Energy
    Warfare Biological Effects".

    The June meeting was organized by the Association of Old
    Crows, whose members are specialists in electronic warfare.
    Conference participants had to have security clearances of
    "Secret" or higher, as has been the case at similar meetings
    in the past (See MWN, J-F 87 and N-D 93).

    Public discussions of RF/MW weapons have focussed on dis-
    rupting technology.  But a recent Article in the Airpower
    Journal revealed "for the first time that the military is
    developing high-powered microwave weapons for use against
    human beings", reports Peter Cassidy in the January 1996
    "Progressive" (see p. 14).

    RF/MW and EMF-based weapons are also being studied for
    civilian law enforcement.  Oak Ridge National Laboratory
    (ORNL) in Oak Ridge TN will soon complete a literature
    review for the National Insitute of Justice on the
    feasibility of "thermal guns" which could heat the body to
    105 to 107 degrees F and incapacitate the target; "seizure
    guns" which would use EM energy to induce epileptic-like
    seizures; and "magnetophosphene guns" which would cause
    the target to "see stars".

    The institute's Ray Downs in Washington cautioned that the
    report may not be made public.  ORNL's Dr. Clay Easterly
    has said that some effects not associated with heating
    could be useful in developing nonlethal weapons.
    (See MWN, N-D 93.)

    ......................................................................
    Microwave News, September-October 1996, page 19

    Stop That Car or We'll Zap You

    They're the sexiest gadgets in this year's action movies:
    EMP weapons, which use electromagnetic pulses to zap
    electronics.  They have starring roles in Goldeneye, the
    latest James Bond movie, as well as in Broken Arrow, Escape
    From LA, and Eraser.  And soon they may be coming to a
    police car near you.

    Law Enforcement News (September 30) reports that the U.S.
    Army and the National Institute of Justice are running a
    $500,000 field test to see if EMP guns can force a car to
    stop by disabling its electrical systems.  The plan is to
    use EMP to do away with high speed chases (another Hollywood
    staple).  This is another example of the growing interest in
    using nonlethal weapons developed by the military.

    ...

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX US1 - SILENT SOUND

    Eleanor White's comments:

    This article shows clearly the military's intent to use
    every possible thought-influencing technology.  This technology
    is largely classified but there are leaks, like this article.
    We involuntary test subjects can tell you from first hand
    experience that far more invasive devices now exist.

    This article represents one of the two parallel "tracks" on
    which thought-influencing technology is being used and
    further developed:

    - Radio frequency signals, based on the WW II
      phenomenon called "radar hearing"

    - Ultrasound signals, which can be transmitted
      through the air or piggybacked on to radio/TV
      signals

    ......................................................................
    NEXUS
    Volume 5, Issue 6
    October/November 1998
    $25/6 issues/ 1 year
    1998 Nexus New Times
    888-909-7474
    nexus@peg.apc.org
    --------------------------
    EXCERPT: More in magazine.
    --------------------------

    Military Use of Mind Control Weapons
    Judy Wall 1998

    PSY-OPS WEAPONRY USED IN THE PERSIAN GULF WAR

    For years, rumours have persisted that the United States Department
    of Defense has been engaged in research and development of
    ultra-sophisticated mind- altering technology. Confirmation of this
    came to me recently in the form of two ITV News Bureau Ltd (London)
    wire service bulletins.[1]

    The March 23, 1991 newsbrief, "High-Tech Psychological Warfare
    Arrives in the Middle East", describes a US Psychological
    Operations (PsyOps) tactic directed against Iraqi troops in Kuwait
    during Operation Desert Storm. The manoeuvre consisted of a system
    in which subliminal mind-altering technology was carried on
    standard radiofrequency broadcasts. The March 26, 1991 newsbrief
    states that among the standard military planning groups in the
    centre of US war planning operations at Riyadh was "an unbelievable
    and highly classified PsyOps program utilising 'silent sound'
    techniques".

    The opportunity to use this method occurred when Saddam Hussein's
    military command-and-control system was destroyed. The Iraqi troops
    were then forced to use commercial FM radio stations to carry
    encoded commands, which were broadcast on the 100 MHz frequency.
    The US PsyOps team set up its own portable FM transmitter,
    utilising the same frequency, in the deserted city of Al Khafji.
    This US transmitter overpowered the local Iraqi station. Along with
    patriotic and religious music, PsyOps transmitted "vague, confusing
    and contradictory military orders and information".

    Subliminally, a much more powerful technology was at work: a
    sophisticated electronic system to 'speak' directly to the mind of
    the listener, to alter and entrain his brainwaves, to manipulate
    his brain's electroencephalograph ic (EEG) patterns and
    artificially implant negative emotional states-feelings of fear,
    anxiety, despair and hopelessness. This subliminal system doesn't
    just tell a person to feel an emotion, it makes them feel it; it
    implants that emotion in their minds.[2]

    I noticed that the ITV wire service was from outside the United
    States.  Readers of Resonance may recall that in the
    Electromagnetic Weapons Timeline in issue no. 29, reference is made
    to the documentary video, Waco: The Big Lie Continues, which
    contained video footage of three EM weapons. This segment of the
    film was from the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). I
    wondered if there was any significance to this.

    At the library I pulled up back issues of my local newspaper for
    the same time-period of the Gulf War to see what the American wire
    services had said, if anything, about the use of this special
    PsyOps weapon. There was nothing said about it directly, but three
    news articles seemed related. In a news release from Associated
    Press during the same timeframe of the Gulf War truce, I read:

    "The American pilot who shot down the second Iraqi warplane in 48
    hours said Friday that continued Iraqi flights suggested that US
    warnings were not filtering down to Iraqi pilots… He said he hopes
    Saddam gets the message now.  'It's really too bad that these
    people have to die for their unwillingness to heed our warnings...
    What I really think is, they don't communicate down to the people,'
    he said. 'If they have a communications problem, I suggest they fix
    it.'"[3]

    That may have been coincidence but two earlier news articles, dated
    March 1, 1991, apparently have a common origin with the ITV news
    bulletin. The first article[4] tells us that approximately 100
    members of the US 101st Airborne Division, fluent in Arabic, talked
    the enemy into surrendering. These soldiers rode in the Apache
    helicopter gunships that were involved in the longest
    helicopter-borne assault in history. They told the Iraqi troops
    that they would be slaughtered if they didn't give up.

    "They got the point," one soldier is quoted as saying.

    This all sounds very unremarkable, except when you read the
    editor's note: "The following dispatch was subject to US military
    censorship." Now why would they want to censor such a mundane
    tactic, except out of embarrassment that the US Army fighting
    forces had fallen to the level of a cheer-leading squad?
    ... in which case they would have nixed the thing entirely.

    But upon re-reading the article, we may pick out certain key
    phrases (emphasised in italics):

    "He [the soldier interviewed] was one of dozens of Arabic speakers
    that played a key role in the allied ground attack against Iraq,
    and part of an attempt by the US Army to use finesse, intelligence
    work and tactics to complement brute strength."

    If we fill in the missing blanks with such descriptions as "the
    megaphone was used to direct psychoacoustic frequencies that
    engaged the neural networks of the enemy's brain, causing him to
    think any thought and feel any emotion that the Americans chose to
    lay on him", then it starts to make sense. And it would no longer
    seem so surprising that one soldier could talk 450 enemy soldiers
    into surrendering. The possibilities are there, and, as the next
    article[5] documents, that is exactly what happened. Iraqi troops
    gave up en masse.

    We quote: "They were surrendering in droves, almost too fast for us
    to keep up with..."; "...two Iraqi majors, both brigade commanders,
    who gave up their entire units..."; and "...one of them gave up to
    an RPV [remotely piloted vehicle). Here's this guy with his hands
    up, turning in a circle to give himself up to a model airplane with
    a camera in it."

    Irrational? Not if there was also a voice being beamed into his
    head from that little flying toy, saying, "Give up, give up!"
    Otherwise, how do we account for the editor's note at the beginning
    of the article: "The following is based on pool dispatches that
    were subject to military censorship." Without that note, we could
    smugly think that the Iraqi soldiers were cowards or crazy, but why
    censor that idea?

    MIND CONTROL WITH SILENT SOUNDS

    The mind-altering mechanism is based on a subliminal carrier
    technology: the Silent Sound Spread Spectrum (SSSS), sometimes
    called "S-quad" or "Squad". It was developed by Dr Oliver Lowery of
    Norcross, Georgia, and is described in US Patent #5,159,703,
    "Silent Subliminal Presentation System", dated October 27, 1992.
    The abstract for the patent reads:

    "A silent communications system in which nonaural carriers, in the
    very low or very high audio-frequency range or in the adjacent
    ultrasonic frequency spectrum are amplitude- or frequency-modulated
    with the desired intelligence and propagated acoustically or
    vibrationally, for inducement into the brain, typically through the
    use of loudspeakers, earphones, or piezoelectric transducers. The
    modulated carriers may be transmitted directly in real time or may
    be conveniently recorded and stored on mechanical, magnetic, or
    optical media for delayed or repeated transmission to the
    listener."

    According to literature by Silent Sounds, Inc., it is now possible,
    using supercomputers, to analyse human emotional EEG patterns and
    replicate them, then store these "emotion signature clusters" on
    another computer and, at will, "silently induce and change the
    emotional state in a human being".

    Silent Sounds, Inc. states that it is interested only in positive
    emotions, but the military is not so limited. That this is a US
    Department of Defense project is obvious.

    Edward Tilton, President of Silent Sounds, Inc., says this about
    S-quad in a letter dated December 13, 1996:

    "All schematics, however, have been classified by the US Government
    and we are not allowed to reveal the exact details... ... we make
    tapes and CDs for the German Government, even the former Soviet
    Union countries! All with the permission of the US State
    Department, of course... The system was used throughout Operation
    Desert Storm (Iraq) quite successfully."

    The graphic illustration, "Induced Alpha to Theta Biofeedback
    Cluster Movement", which accompanies the literature, is labelled
    #AB 116-394-95 UNCLASSIFIED" and is an output from "the world's
    most versatile and most sensitive electroencephalograph (EEG)
    machine". It has a gain capability of 200,000, as compared to other
    EEG machines in use which have gain capability of approximately
    50,000. It is software-driven by the "fastest of computers" using a
    noisenulling technology similar to that used by nuclear submarines
    for detecting small objects underwater at extreme range.[6]

    The purpose of all this high technology is to plot and display a
    moving cluster of periodic brainwave signals. The illustration
    shows an EEG display from a single individual, taken of left and
    right hemispheres simultaneously.  Ile readout from the two sides
    of the brain appear to be quite different, but in fact are the same
    (discounting normal leftright brain variations).

    CLONING THE EMOTIONS

    By using these computer-enhanced EEGs, scientists can identify and
    isolate the brain's low-amplitude "emotion signature clusters",
    synthesise them and store them on another computer. In other words,
    by studying the subtle characteristic brainwave patterns that occur
    when a subject experiences a particular emotion, scientists have
    been able to identify the concomitant brainwave pattern and can now
    duplicate it. "These clusters are then placed on the Silent
    Sound[TM] carrier frequencies and will silently trigger the
    occurrence of the same basic emotion in another human being!"

    Up to Contents

    SYSTEM DELIVERY AND APPLICATIONS

    There is a lot more involved here than a simple subliminal sound
    system. There are numerous patented technologies which can be
    piggybacked individually or collectively onto a carrier frequency
    to elicit all kinds of effects.

    There appear to be two methods of delivery with the system. One is
    direct microwave induction into the brain of the subject, limited
    to short-range operations. The other, as described above, utilises
    ordinary radio and television carrier frequencies.

    Far from necessarily being used as a weapon against a person, the
    system does have limitless positive applications. However, the fact
    that the sounds are subliminal makes them virtually undetectable
    and possibly dangerous to the general public.

    In more conventional use, the Silent Sounds Subliminal System might
    utilise voice commands, e.g., as an adjunct to security systems.
    Beneath the musical broadcast that you hear in stores and shopping
    malls may be a hidden message which exhorts against shoplifting.
    And while voice commands alone are powerful, when the subliminal
    presentation system carries cloned emotional signatures, the result
    is overwhelming.

    Free-market uses for this technology are the common self-help
    tapes; positive affirmation, relaxation and meditation tapes; as
    well as methods to increase learning capabilities.

    In a medical context, these systems can be used to great advantage
    to treat psychiatric and psychosomatic problems. As a system for
    remediating the profoundly deaf, it is unequalled. (Promises,
    promises. This is the most common positive use touted for this
    technology over the past 30 years. But the deaf are still deaf, and
    the military now has a weapon to use on unsuspecting people with
    perfectly normal hearing.)

    OFFICIAL DENIALS

    In fact, the US Government has denied or refused to comment on
    mindaltering weapons for years. Only last year, US News & World
    Report ran an article titled "Wonder Weapons", basically a review of
    the new so-called 'non-lethal' or 'less-than -lethal' weapons.' Not
    one word about S-quad, although the technology had been used six
    years earlier!

    Excerpts from the article read:

    "Says Charles Bernard, a former Navy weapons-research director: 'I
    have yet to see one of these ray-gun things that actually works…";
    and

    DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) has come to us
    every few years to see if there are ways to incapacitate the
    central nervous system remotely,' Dr F. Terry Hambrecht, head of
    the Neural Prostheses Program at NIH, told US News, 'but nothing
    has ever come of it,' he said. 'That is too science-fiction and
    far-fetched."'

    It may sound "science fiction and far-fetched" but it is not.
    However, that is just what the powers-that-be want you to believe,
    so as to leave them alone in their relentless pursuit of...what?

    The idea behind non-lethal weapons is to incapacitate the enemy
    without actually killing them, or, in the case of riot control or
    hostage situations, to disable the participants without permanent
    injury, preferably without their knowing it. The electromagnetic
    mind-altering technologies would all fall into this class of
    weapons, but since they are all officially non-existent, who is to
    decide when and where they will be used?

    And why should selected companies in the entertainment industry
    reportedly be allowed access to this technology when the very fact
    of its existence is denied to the general public?

    As recently as last month [February], this stonewall approach of
    total denial or silence on the subject still held fast, even toward
    committees of the US Congress!

    - The Joint Economics Committee, chaired by Jim Saxton (R-NJ),
    convened on February 25, 1998 for the "Hearing on Radio Frequency
    Weapons and Proliferation: Potential Impact on the Economy".
    Invited testimony included statements by several authorities from
    the military:

    - Dr Alan Kehs, of the US Army Laboratories, discussed the overall
    RF threat.

    - Mr James O'Bryon, Deputy Director of Operational Testing and
    Director of live fire testing for the Office of Secretary of
    Defense at the Pentagon, discussed the role of Live Fire Testing
    and how it plays a role in testing military equipment with RF
    weapons.

    - Mr David Schriner, Principal Engineer of Directed Energy Studies
    with Electronic Warfare Associates and recently retired as an
    engineer with a naval weapons testing facility, talked about the
    difficulty in building an RF weapon and about the terrorist threat.

    - Dr Ira Merritt, Chief of Concepts Identification and Applications
    Analysis Division, Advanced Technology Directorate, Missile Defense
    and Space Technology Center, Huntsville, Alabama, discussed the
    proliferation of RF weapons primarily from the former Soviet Union.

    Although these statements gave information of technical interest,
    they are perhaps more important for the information they did not
    give: information on the existence of radiofrequency weapons that
    directly affect the human brain and nervous system.

    KGB PSYCHOTRONICS

    This technology did not spring up overnight. It has a long history
    of development and denials of development-by the US Government and
    probably half of the other governments of the world as well.

    We know that the former Soviet Union was actively engaged in this
    type of research. In a previous article we reported that during the
    1970s the Soviet KGB developed a Psychotronic Influence System
    (PIS) that was used to turn soldiers into programmable 'human
    weapons'. The system employed a combination of highfrequency
    radiowaves and hypnosis. The PIS project was begun in response to a
    similar training scheme launched in the US by President Carter,
    according to Yuri Malin, former security adviser to USSR President
    Gorbachev.[8]

    In my Electromagnetic Weapons Timeline[9] I covered a period of 60
    years of interest and development in EM weapons—information
    gathered from the many articles and news clippings sent in by
    readers of Resonance. In my article on synthetic telepathy[10] I
    traced the development of the 'voice in your head' technology
    dating back to 1961, all my references coming from the open
    scientific literature.

    POWER OF THE MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

    Jan Wiesemann has written an apt description of the situation which
    now exists in the United States, about the 'forces that be' and how
    the situation came about:

    "During the Cold War the United States not only engaged in a
    relatively open nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union, but also
    engaged in a secret race developing unconventional weapons. As the
    intelligence agencies (which prior to the Second World War had
    merely played a supporting role within the government) continued to
    increase their power, so did the funds spent on developing
    techniques designed to outsmart each other.

    "And as the US intelligence community began to grow, a secret
    culture sprang about which enabled the intelligence players to
    implement the various developed techniques to cleverly circumvent
    the democratic processes and institutions...

    "Like many other democracies, the US Government is made up of two
    basic parts the elected constituency, i.e., the various governors,
    judges, congressmen and the President; and the unelected
    bureaucracies, as represented by the numerous federal agencies.

    "In a well-balanced and correctly functioning democracy, the
    elected part of the government is in charge of its unelected
    bureaucratic part, giving the people a real voice in the agenda set
    by their government.

    "While a significant part of the US Government no doubt follows
    this democratic principle, a considerable portion of the US
    Government operates in complete secrecy and follows its own
    unaccountable agenda which, unacknowledged, very often is quite
    different from the public agenda. "[11]

    Jan goes on to quote one of the United States' most popular war
    heroes: Dwight D. Eisenhower, who served as Supreme Commander of
    Allied Forces during World War II and was later elected 34th
    President of the United States. In his farewell address to the
    nation in 1961, President Eisenhower said:

    "...we have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry
    of vast proportions. Added to this, three and a half million men
    and women are directly engaged in the defence establishment. We
    annually spend on military security more than the net income of all
    United States corporations.

    "This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large
    arms industry is new in the American experience. The total
    influence-economic, political, even spiritual-is felt in every
    city, every state house, every office of the federal government. We
    recognise the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not
    fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and
    livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our
    society.

    "In the councils of government, we must guard against the
    acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought,
    by the military -industrial complex. The potential for the
    disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must
    never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or
    our democratic processes."

    INTERNATIONAL CONCERNS OVER NEW WEAPONS

    The United Nations was established in 1945 with the aim of "saving
    succeeding generations from the scourge of war". In 1975 the
    General Assembly considered a draft first proposed by .the Soviet
    Union: "Prohibition of the Development and Manufacture of New Types
    of Weapons of Mass Destruction and New Systems of Such Weapons".

    In 1979 the Soviet Union added a list of some types of potential
    weapons of mass destruction:

    1) Radiological weapons (using radioactive materials) which could
    produce harmful effects similar to those of a nuclear explosion;

    2) Particle beam weapons, based on charged or neutral particles, to
    affect biological targets;

    3) Infrasonic acoustic radiation weapons;

    4) Electromagnetic weapons operating at certain radio-frequency
    radiations which could have injurious effects on human organs.[12]

    In response, the US and other Western nations stalled. They gave a
    long, convoluted reason, but the result was the same.

    In an article entitled "Non-Lethal Weapons May Violate
    Treaties",[13] the author notes that the Certain Conventional
    Weapons Convention[14] covers many of the non-conventional
    weapons—"those that utilize infrasound or electromagnetic energy
    (including lasers, microwave or radiofrequency radiation, or
    visible light pulsed at brainwave frequency) for their effects".

    Harlan Girard, Managing Director of the International Committee
    Against Offensive Microwave Weapons, told me he believes the
    strategy behind the government's recent push for less-than-lethal
    weapons is a subterfuge. The ones that are now getting all the
    publicity are put up for scrutiny to get the public's approval. The
    electromagnetic mind-altering technologies are not mentioned, but
    would be brought in later under the umbrella of less-than- lethal
    weapons.

    These weapons were recently transferred from the Department of
    Defense over to the Department of Justice. Why? Because there are
    several international treaties that specifically limit or exclude
    weapons of this nature from being used in international warfare.

    In other words, weapons that are barred from use against our
    country's worst enemies (notwithstanding the fact that the US did
    use this weapon against Iraqi troops!) can now be used against our
    own citizens by the local police departments against such groups as
    peaceful protestors of US nuclear policies.

    TOWARDS GLOBAL MIND CONTROL

    The secrecy involved in the development of the electromagnetic
    mind-altering technology reflects the tremendous power that is
    inherent in it. To put it bluntly, whoever controls this technology
    can control the minds of men-all men.

    There is evidence that the US Government has plans to extend the
    range of this technology to envelop all peoples, all countries.
    This can be accomplished, is being accomplished, by utilising the
    nearly completed HAARP project[15,16] for overseas areas and the
    GWEN network now in place in the US. The US Government denies all
    this.

    Dr Michael Persinger is a Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience
    at Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada. You have met him before
    in the pages of Resonance where we reported on his findings that
    strong electromagnetic fields can affect a person's brain.

    "Temporal lobe stimulation," he said, "can evoke the feeling of a
    presence, disorientation, and perceptual irregularities. It can
    activate images stored in the subject's memory, including
    nightmares and monsters that are normally suppressed."[17]

    Dr Persinger wrote an article a few years ago, titled "On the
    Possibility of Directly Accessing Every Human Brain by
    Electromagnetic Induction of Fundamental Algorithms".[18] The
    abstract reads:

    "Contemporary neuroscience suggests the existence of fundamental
    algorithms by which all sensory transduction is translated into an
    intrinsic, brain-specific code. Direct stimulation of these codes
    within the human temporal or limbic cortices by applied
    electromagnetic patterns may require energy levels which are within
    the range of both geomagnetic activity and contemporary
    communication networks. A process which is coupled to the narrow
    band of brain temperature could allow all normal human brains to
    be. affected by a subharmonic whose frequency range at about 10 Hz
    would only vary by 0. 1 Hz."

    He concludes the article with this:

    "Within the last two decades a potential has emerged which was
    improbable, but which is now marginally feasible. This potential is
    the technical capability to influence directly the major portion of
    the approximately six billion brains of the human species, without
    mediation through classical sensory modalities, by generating
    neural information within a physical medium within which all
    members of the species are immersed.

    "The historical emergence of such possibilities, which have ranged
    from gunpowder to atomic fission, have resulted in major changes in
    the social evolution that occurred inordinately quickly after the
    implementation.  Reduction of the risk of the inappropriate
    application of these technologies requires the continued and open
    discussion of their realistic feasibility and implications within
    the scientific and public domain."

    It doesn't get any plainer than that. And we do not have open
    discussion because the US Government has totally denied the
    existence of this technology.

    Acknowledgements

    I would like to give special thanks to: Jan Wiesemann for sending
    the Silent Sounds[TM] statement and patents which were the keystone
    of this article; Mike Coyle, whose computer search turned up many
    more related patents; Harlan Girard, who has provided numerous
    official government documents; and to the many who have provided
    newsclippings and articles, moral and financial support to
    Resonance, without which we'd have ceased publication long ago.

    About the Author:

    Judy Wall is Editor and Publisher of Resonance, the Newsletter of the
    MENSA Bioelectromagnetics Special Interest Group.  pp.11--13,15-16

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX  US2 ... ULTRASONIC MIND CONTROL COMMON, UNCLASSIFIED

    AERIAL MIND CONTROL
    The Threat to Civil Liberties
    by Judy Wall, Editor/Publisher RESONANCE
    Newsletter of the MENSA Bioelectromagnetics Special Interest Group
    NEXUS Magazine, October-November 1999
    Vol. 6,  No. 6

    Judy Wall can be contacted by mail at:

    Judy Wall, Editor/Publisher
    RESONANCE
    684 County Road 535
    Sumterville      FL
    USA           33585

    Eleanor White's comments:  This hard hitting article by Judy Wall, who
    is NOT a mind control victim and in fact avoids victim testimonials in favour
    of only factual objective material, contains some POWERFUL items not widely
    known among involuntary mind control experimentees.

    The most important facet of this article is that Judy Wall presents evidence
    unknown to most of the public IN SPITE OF ITS BEING UN-CLASSIFIED, and in
    the public domain for the past two decades.

    The main technology used is a mix of ultrasonic voice or brain entrainment,
    mixed with microwave voice-to-skull or ordinary radio and TV signals,
    described in detail in Appendix US1:

    US1.....SILENT SOUND, BRITISH ITV & NEXUS MAGAZINE

    The microwave voice-to-skull technology is described in the 1974 article
    from American Psychologist magazine, Appendix PM6:

    PM6.....DR. DON R. JUSTESEN'S REPORT: 1974 VOICE TO SKULL SUCCESS

    ...........................................................................
    USAF COMMANDO SOLO:  AERIAL MIND CONTROL BROADCASTS

    The United States Air Force uses aerial mind-control broadcasts against
    civilian population as well as enemy troops.  Some of these actions against
    civilians are done with the intent of influencing public opinion and the
    outcome of elections.

    In a previous article, we examined mind-control technology, especially that
    utilizing Silent Sound [TM], in which radio-frequency broadcasts carry
    subliminal patterns that entrain the listener's brainwaves into a pre-
    selected emotional state.  According to ITV wire service reports, this
    technology was used during Operation Desert Storm in 1991, as part of the
    US Psychological Operations (PsyOps) directed against Iraqi troops. [1,2]

    To the Desert Storm offensive we can now add several other incidents.
    Alex Horvat, editor of The Probe, calls to our attention the 1998
    video, Exotic Weapons of Mass Control, produced by Bob Fletcher.

    "The excerpt played on Fletcher's video is from TLC (The Learning Channel)
    and clearly states that Commando Solo was used in Haiti for what was called
    Operation Uphold Democracy.  As the general populace was violently
    opposed to Aristide and most in favor of his ouster, it took nearly a year
    of this clandestine counter-programming to get them to change their minds.
    Instead of butchering a population physically, we can no manipulate them
    mentally, virtually enslaving their thoughts with a criss-cross pattern
    of flights by an EC-130 (which is just a C-130 heavily laden with electron-
    ic hardware.) [3]

    We were not at war with the citizens of Haiti, yet the U.S. Government
    directed military weapons against this friendly, or at least neutral,
    civilian population.  The U.S. Government sanction the "rigging" of the
    Haitian election by mental control of the people, programming them to cast
    their votes for the Americans' favored candidate.  And they had the nerve
    to call it "Operation Uphold Democracy".  Some sense of humor!
    Stalin would have loved it.  Hitler would have loved it.  Why is the U.S.
    Government doing this?  Who is behind this flagrant violation of civil
    liberties?  Is it the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) which has a
    long history of interfering in foreign government politics?  Or has this
    become standard military procedure?

    The rationale is always the same: "to make the world safe for democracy".
    Yet what is democracy if not freedom?  Freedom to think your own thoughts;
    freedom to express your own opinions; freedome to vote for the candidate
    of your own choice.

    Fletcher's video also mentions that the same technology was used against
    the Bosnia population for a week to influence their election. [4]  This
    was probably done during Operation Joint Guard in 1995. [5]

    The questions arise:  If they have used mind-control broadcasts against
    foreign civilian populations to influence elections, will they use them
    against American citizens -- or have they already?  What other countries
    may be the recipients of this innovative technology?

    Just what is this EC-130E Commando Solo?  The United States Air Force has
    helpfully published a fact sheet that describes the Lockheed built air-
    craft. [6]  This 1995 bulletin states that the "unit flyaway cost" is more
    than US $100 million each, and that there are eight in the inventory.  Its
    primary function is "Psychological operations broadcasts".  The crew
    consists of four officers (pilot, copilot, navigator, control chief/EWO)
    and seven enlisted members (flight engineer, loadmaster, five mission
    crew.)

    According to the fact sheet:

    "Air Force Mission:  Commando Solo conducts psychological operations and
    civil affairs broadcast missions in the standard AM, FM, HF, TV and
    military communications bands.  Missions are flown at maximum altitudes
    possible to ensure optimum propagation patterns.  The EC-130 flies during
    either day or night scenarios with equal success, and is air refuealable.
    A typical mission consists of a single ship orbit which is offset from the
    desired target audience.  The targets may be either military or civilian
    personnel.

    "Secondary missions include command and control communications counter-
    measures (C3CM) and limited intelligence gathering.

    "Air Force Features:  Highly specialized modifications have been made to
    the latest version of the EC-130.  Included in these modifications are
    enhanced navigation systems, self-protection equipment, and the capability
    of broadcasting color television on a multitude of world-wide standards
    throughout the TV VHF/UHF ranges.

    "Air Force Background:  Air National Guard EC-130 aircraft flown by the
    193rd Special Operations Group were deployed to both Saudi Arabia and
    Turkey in support of Desert Storm.  Their missions included broadcasts of
    'Voice of the Gulf' and other programs intended to convince Iraqi soldiers
    to surrender.

    "The EC-130 was originally modified using the mission electronic equipment
    from the EC-121, known at the time as the Coronet Solo.  Soon after the
    193rd SOG received its EC-130s, the unit participated in the rescue of US
    citizens in Operation Urgent Fury, acting as an airborne radio station
    informing those people on Granada of the US military action.

    "Volant Solo, as the mission is now known, was instrumental in the success
    of coordinated psychological operations in Operation Just Cause, again
    broadcasting continuously throughout the initial phases of the operation."

    Operation Just Cause?  this is another propaganda name, applied to
    the U.S. invasion of Panama to take out that country's leader, General
    Noreiga, the CIA's erstwhile partner in drug smuggling.  Apparently the
    General had made someone mad -- how else to account for the massive in-
    vasion of this tiny tourist country?  To wit:  "A superpower whipped the
    poop out of 10 percent of the police force of a Third World nation.  You
    are supposed to be able to do that.  It was done well, and I credit those
    who did it.  But it is important that we draw the right lessons from it"
    according to an anonymous US Marine. [7]

    Our Commander-in-Chief had another point of view:  "...the roll call of
    glory, the roster of great American campaigns -- Yorktown, Gettysburg,
    Normandy, and now Panama."
    --President George Bush, March 1990 [8]

    MILITARY PSYOPS AGAINST CIVILIANS

    In a phone call to the USAF Special Operations Command Public Affairs
    Office, I questioned the legitimacy of using these subliminal broadcasts
    against civilian populations. [9]

    [Judy Wall's article on Silent Sound for details.]

    I was told that it was all perfectly legal, having been approved by the
    U.S. Congress (!).  It may be okay by Congress, but I sincerely doubt that
    it would be approved by the recipient populations.

    That conversation also elicited more information concerning the Commando
    Solo units.  For instance, the Air National Guard
    of the individual states in the U.S. can also operate
    Commando Solo aircraft, should the Governor of a state
    request assistance.  That means the PsyOps mind-control
    technology can be directed against
    U.S. citizens.

    The Commando Solo aircraft have participated in the following missions--
    possibly more, as the early missions of Volant Solo 1 were not known to
    this spokesperson:

    - Operation Urgent Fury (Grenada, Oct-Nov 1983, Jan-Jun 1985)
    - Operation Just Cause (Panama, late December 1989)
    - Operation Desert Shield (Kuwait, Iraq, from August 1990)
    - Operation Desert Storm (Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iraq, 1991)
    - Operation Uphold Democracy (Haiti, 1994-1995)
    - Operation Joint Guard (Part of a UN oepration in
      Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1995)
    - Operation Desert Thunder (part of a UN operation in Iraq)
    - Operation Desert Fox (Iraq, 2 to 3 days in December 1998)

    Other countries are known to have a similar aircraft, but the PR officer
    declined to identify them, suggesting that I check out Jane's Defence
    Weekly for such information.  Not having access to that particular
    publication, I searched through my copy of Jane's Radar and Electronic
    Warfare Systems 1993094. [10]  The Commando Solo unit was not listed,
    but a browse through the book was informative as to the numerous types of
    electronic offence and defence systems available.  These include sta-
    tionary and mobile land units (many housed in large trucks), shipboard and
    airborne models as well as well as space-based technology.  If the military
    is spending US $100 million per airborne unit (times eight, we're talking
    US $800 million here), I think it is safe to assume that they have tried
    out mind control equipment with less expensive, roving land units (trucks),
    but use the airplanes to cover wider areas and hard-to-reach locations of
    the world.

    And I might add, we can asume that they have tried out the efficacy of this
    mind-control technology.  Even the US military would not waste $800 million
    on something unless it has been proven to work, and work effectively, even
    under the adverse situation of military combat.  This is an important
    point.

    The initial research into mind control in the USA was conducted udner the
    auspices of the CIA.  The flagrant abuse of human rights in experimenting
    on unsuspecting persons was based on the supposition that the veracity of
    experiments would be compromised if a subject knew that he was participating
    in an experiment.  In the case of mind-control technology, tehis supposition
    might very well be true.  But that does not justify its use -- or so said
    the Nuremburg Code, the tenets of which were used as a legal basis to pro-
    secute Nazi scientists for war crimes.  However the US seems to have
    excused its own military and scientific community from adhering to that
    Code. [11]

    MANIPULATING MIND AND BODY BY SATELLITE

    The next logical step in mind control would be to incorporate this tech-
    nology into satellite communications.  Since other countries are known
    to have similar capabilities, there could occur a sitution in which
    electronic mind control warfare is waged against a civilian population,
    receiving conflicting mental manipulation from both sides.  What would be
    the mental state of individuals so targetted?  Would it cause a rise in
    mental aberrations and schizophrenia?  And what are the limits of mind
    manipulations?  Can people be forced to commit suicide?  Can physical
    ailments or psychosomatic illnesses be induced?

    A March 1990 report from Bosnia-Herzegovina in the former Yugoslavia sug-
    gests the latter may have already happened.  The report concerns 2,990
    ethnic Albanians who were admitted to hospital with complaints of lung and
    skin problems for which doctors could find no physical cause. [12]

    It is not a far step from manipulating a person's emotional state to influ-
    encing bodily functions.  Indeed, much of the literature on documenting
    microwave effects on biological systems deals with precisely this phenom-
    enon.  In fact, studies of the physical effects of microwave exposure
    (including radio frequencies) generally preceeded studies of mental effects.

    A meeting sponsored by Defense & Foreign Affairs and the International
    Strategic Studies Association was held in Washington DC in 1983.  High-level
    officials from many countries met for this conference.   They discussed
    psychological strategies related to government and policymaking.  A summary
    of the agenda reads:  "The group will be discussing the essence of future
    policymaking, for it msut be increasingly clear to all that the most effec-
    tive tool of government and strategy is the mind...  If it's any consolation
    to the weapons-oriented among defense policymakers, the new technologies of
    communications -- satellites, television, radio, and mind-control
    beams -- are 'systems' which are more tangible than the more
    philosophically  based psychological strategies and operations.

    [Eleanor White's comment:  Anyone know where to get a copy?]

    "But we should make no mistake; it will be the 'psychologically based'
    systems which determine the world's fate in coming years:  the condition of
    the minds of populations and leaders.  And we should not ignore the fact
    that the USSR [this was in 1983] is working on electronic systems to
    'beam' messages directly into the brain.  What good, then, are conventional
    systems if these types of weapons are not countered?  And, on a more basic
    level, what good is a weapon system if public opinion or political con-
    straints prohibit its deployment?" [13]

    It is obvious that they found the answer to that last question.  If the
    public does not know about a weapon system, it cannot prohibit its deploy-
    ment.  This is the situtation that applies to mind-control technology.

    MIND CONTROL AGAINST 'POTENTIAL' ENEMIES

    The US military is aware that certain actions or procedures may not be
    acceptable to the American public.  Metz and Kievit express these concerns
    in their paper, "The Revolution in Military Affairs and Short Conflict War."
    [14]  "The use of new technology may also run counter to basic American
    values.  Information age -- and in particular, information warfare  --
    technologies cause concerns about privacy...  American values also make the
    use of directed-energy weapons ... morally difficult, perhaps unacceptable.
    The advantage of directed-energy weapons over conventional ones is
    deniability.

    "Against whom is such deniability aimed? ... deniability
    must be aimed at the American people."

    Later they state:  "We must decide whether innovative military capabilities
    are, in fact, acceptable and desirable.  That can only happen through open
    debate.  The military must be a vital participant, but not the sole one."

    But there has been no open debate.

    On July 21, 1994, the US Department of Defense proposed that non-lethal
    weapons be used not only against declared enemies, but against anyone
    engaged in activities that the DOD opposed.  That could include almost any-
    body and anything.  Note that the mind-control technology is classified
    under non-lethal weapons. [15]

    A 1998 news item states that US Air Force General John Jumper "predicts
    that the military will have the tools to make potential enemies see, hear,
    and believe things that do not exist" and that "The same idea was con-
    tained in a 15-volume study by the USAF Scientific Advisory Board, issued
    in 1996, on how to maintain US air and space superiority on the battle-
    fields of the 21st century".  [16,17]

    It seems that, in miltary parlance, a "prediction" means:  "Don't be
    surprised when you find out we've already got this, but it's classified
    and we can't admit to it just yet."

    Notice that General Jumper predicts that mind control technology will be
    used against potential enemies.  The military and government
    agencies may apply this term to any group or individual they perceive as
    a threat to their own interests.  Potential enemies may be counter-culture
    individuals, those of opposing political viewpoints, economic or financial
    competitors, biological undesirables, etc.  It is part of the military
    agenda to identify potential threats so as to be prepared to meet them.
    Experience has shown that the US Government (the CIA and FBI, for example)
    has moved against these people or groups, slandering, harassing, even
    killing them, without adequate cause or legal sanction.

    A weapon that can be used in secret lends itself to abuse by unethical
    individuals in positions of power.  The military and secret services have
    shown themselves often to be lacking in ethical constraints.  After all,
    the job of the military is war; it is killing people; and so,
    just how this is accomplished may be considered irrelevant.  Lesser evils,
    like mind control, pale by comparison.

    Of course, it can be argued that it is far more humane to brainwash a
    person via mind control technology than it is to torture or kill them.
    Others vehemently deny this.  They'd rather be dead than a mental slave to
    Big Brother!  That is what revolutions are about.  And if I recall
    correctly, that is the idea behind the US Bill of Rights.

    EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT WARNS OF DANGERS

    Awareness of the existence of mind-control technology, and hence its
    dangers and possibility for misuse, seems to be more prevalent than in
    Europe than in other areas.  The European Parliament recently passed a
    "Resolution on environment, security, and foreign policy". [18]  This
    document includes these articles:

    "23.  Calls on the European Union to seek to have the new 'non-lethal'
    weapons technology and the development of new arms strategies also covered
    and regulated by international conventions...

    "27.  Calls for an international convention introducing a global ban on
    all developments and deployments of weapons which might enable any form
    of manipulation of human beings."

    The United States will ignore these resolutions, of course, as it has
    other EP requests; for example, as mentioned in the same document:

    "24.  Considers HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project) by
    virtue of its far-reaching impact on the environment to be a global concern
    and calls for it's legal, ecological and ethical implcations to be exam-
    ined by an international independent body before any further research and
    testing; regrets the repeated refusal of the United States Administration
    to send anyone in person to give evidence to the public hearing or any
    subsequent meeting to be held by its competent committee into the environ-
    mental and public risks connected with the HAARP programme currently being
    funded in Alaska..."

    One of HAARP's potential uses is a communications system.  The military
    officially acknowledges two communications-related applications:  (1) to
    replace the existing Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) submarine communica-
    tions system now operating in Michigan and Wisconsin; (2) to provide a way
    to wipe out communications over an extremely large area, while keeping the
    miltary's own communications system working. [19]

    As we have seen, the mind-control subliminal messages are carried on radio-
    frequency broadcasts.

    [Judy Wall's article on Silent Sound for details.]

    The HAARP facility could be used to broadcast global mind-control messages,
    or such messages could simply be inserted into existing systems.

    Dr. Igor Smirnov, of the Institute of Psycho-correction in Moscow, says in
    regard to this technology:  "It is easily conceviable that some Russian
    'Satan', or let's say Iranian [or any other 'Satan'], as long as he owns the
    appropriate means and finances, can inject himself [intrude] into every con-
    ceivable computer network, into every conceivable radio or television broad-
    cast, with relative technological ease, even without disconnecting cables.

    You can intercept the [radio] waves in the aether and then [subliminally]
    modulate every conceivable suggestion into it.  If this transpires over a
    long enough time period, it accumulates in the heads of people.  And even-
    tually they can be artificially manipulated with other additional measure-
    ments, to do that which this perpetrator wants [them to do].  This is why
    [such technology] is rightfully feared." [20]

    A WORLDWIDE MIND CONTROL MISSION

    To return to the USAF Fact Sheet, it concludes:  "In 1990 the EC-130 joined
    the newly formed Air Force Special Operations Command and has since been
    designated Commando Solo, with no change in mission.  This one of a kind
    aircraft is consistently improving its capabilities.

    The next few years should see continued enhancements to the EC-130 and its
    worldwide mission."

    About the Author:
    Judy Wall is the Editor of RESONANCE, the newsletter of the
    Bioelectromagnetics Special Interest Group of American MENSA Ltd.
    Viewpoints expressed here are her own personal views.

    ENDNOTES

    1.  Wall, Judy, "Military Use of Mind Control Weapons", NEXUS,
        5/06, Oct-Nov 1998
    2.  "Psychological operations" are defined as:
        "Planned operations to convery selected information and
        indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions,
        motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior
        of foreign governments, organizations, groups and individuals.
        The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or
        re-inforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to the
        originator's objectives.  Also called PsyOps."  From
        "Joint Doctrine for Information Operations", Joint pub-
        lication 3-13,  9 October 1998.  Thanks to Harlan Girard
        of the International Committee on Offensive Microwave
        Weapons (PO Box 58700, Philadelphia PA  19102-8700, USA)
        for the excerpt.
    3.  Horvat, Alex, "Commando Solo", The Probe, vol. 4,
        No. 1, Winter 1998/99, p.44; available from PO Box 905,
        St. Peters, MO 63376, USA.
    4.  Fletcher, Bob, Exotic Weapons of Mass Control;
        video available from The Probe (see above) or
        Global Insights, A675 Fairview Dr. #246, Carson City NV,
        89701 USA, tel 1-800-729-4131.

    5.  An item of interest is that the US had a new type of
        aerial reconnaissance plane positioned over the former
        Yugoslavia from July 14, 1995, about six months before
        the US officially intervened.  The 10-million-dollar
        unmanned saucer-shaped spy craft is nicknamed "Dark Star".
        Information from C-Com (Classified Communications
        3(12), Dec 1995; Erich A. Aggen, Jr., (editor), citing
        CE Chronicles nos. 1 and 2 and Raising Awareness
        newsletter.
    6.  Fact Sheet, dated March 1995.  The address on the publication
        is AF Special Operations Command Public Affairs Office,
        100 Bartley Street, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544-5273, USA.
        They no longer supply printed copies, but you can access
        the document at http://www.hurlburt.af.mil
    7.  Morrison Taw, Jennifer, "Operation Just Cause: Lessons For
        Operations Other Than War", Rand Corp., 1996, p. vii;
        quoting from "Some Questions Whether the US Is Ready
        for LIC", Navy News and Undersea Technology,
        August 27, 1990, p.7.
    8.  Morrison Taw, Jennifer, ibid,. p.1.
    9.  Telephone conversation of February 26, 1999, with
        AF Special Operations Command Public Affairs Office;
        voice (850) 884-5515, email paprhode@hqafsoc.afoc.af.mil
    10. Blake, Bernard (ed.) Jane's Radar and Electronic
        Warfare Systems 1993-94, Jane's Information Group
        Inc., 1340 Braddock Place, Suite 300, Alexandria VA
        22314-1651, USA; also Jane's Information Group,
        Sentinel House, 163 Brighton Road, Couldson, Surrey
        CR5 2NH, UK.
    11. (a) "US Nullifies Nuremburg Law", Earth Island Journal,
        Winter 1996-97. (b) Hightower, Jim, "Unregulated Experiments
        on Humans", New Times, June 19-25, 1997; cites
        Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, "Unchecked Research People Raises
        Concern on Medical Ethics", New York Times, May
        14, 1997.  (c) See "Ban on Medical Experiments Without
        Consent is Relaxed", New York Times, November 5,
        1996, p.1; copy available for 50 cents from David Park
        Brooks, 3456 17th St., San Francisco CA 94110. (d) Also
        see Senator John Glenn's bill S-193, "Human Subjects
        Research Protection Act of 1997", Congressional Record,
        US Senate, January 22, 1997.  (e) "In 1994, a congress-
        ional subcommittee found up to 500,000 Americans between
        1940 and 1974 were endangered by secred defense-related
        tests including radiation experiments, mustard gas, LSD
        and biological agents."  See Pitch Weekly, April
        17-23, 1997.
    12. Schaefer, Paul, "Experimentation and Warfare", article
        citing The Kansas City Star, between March 25
        and 31, 1990.
    13. Summary, The Perth Corporation, Defense & Foreign
        Affairs, November 1983.
    14. Metz, Steven, and James Kievit, "The Revolution in
        Military Affairs and Conflict Short of War", US Army
        War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5050, USA,
        pp. 15-16 and 29.  [See also Krawczyk, Glenn, "Big
        Brother's Recipe for 'Revolution in Military Affairs'",
        NEXUS 2/26, June-July 1995.]
    15. Schaefer, Paul, "Psyops: Invisible Warfare", Zuni
        Mountain Citizen (precise date unknown, late 1998/
        early 1999), p.5.
    16. "Microwave Weapons", Microwave News, March/April
        1998; Louis Slesin (editor), citing Aviation Week,
        March 9, 1998.
    17. Same article as above, citing Microwave News,
        January/February 1997.
    18. "Environment, Security, and Foreign Affairs", Resolution
        A40005/99, Minutes of 28/01/99 - Provisional Edition,
        European Parliament.  For copy, thanks to  Grattan Healy,
        Advisor on Energy & Research, Green Group in the European
        Parliament, LEO 2C35, Rue Wiertz Straat, B-1047 Bruxelles,
        Belgium, email ghealy@europarl.eu.int
    19. For more info on HAARP, see Begich, Nick and Jeanne
        Manning, Angels Don't Play This HAARP, Earthpulse
        Press, PO Box 201393, Anchorage AK 99520, USA, Tel. (907)
        249-9111.
    20. From a German documentary, "Geheimes Russland: Moskau -
        Die Zombies dr roten Zaren" ("Secret Russia: Moscow -
        The Zombies of the Red Czars") aired on German TV network
        ZDF on December 22, 1998.  Script translation by Jan
        Weisemann.  The full text is to be published in
        Resonance, No. 35.
    21. Reed, Chris, Lockheed C-130 Hercules and Its Variants,
        Schiffer Publishing Ltd, Atglen, PA, 1999.

    Up to Contents
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    APPENDIX  US3 ... U.S. ARMY ULTRASOUND WEAPON PROJECT

    TOPIC NUMBER: A97-003

    FIRM:

    SYNETICS Corporation  http://www.synetics.com

    CORPORATE OFFICIAL:
    George D. Hughes Jr.

    PHONE:
    540-663-2137

    TITLE:
    Prametric Difference Waves for Low Frequency Acoustic Propagation

    ABSTRACT/BENEFITS:

    Prior research indicates that an array of ultrasonic sources operated
    with an offset in frequency will produce infrasonic or very low
    frequency energy. This energy is useful because it is omni-directional,
    and it propagates well with little absorption. With sufficient energy,
    the resulting infrasonic waves can be disabling or lethal. Synetics
    proposes an approach toward developing infrasonic waves that can
    ultimately be incorporated into future man-portable small arms weapon
    systems. This approach utilizes modernized pneumatic technology which
    produces an extremely high-powered ultrasonic source. The resulting
    frequency generated is precisely controlled such that the desired high
    power infrasound frequency can be generated at the target by beating two
    focused ultrasonic sources.

    BENEFITS:

    The potential post applications of the parametric difference wave
    generator include non-lethal crowd control, non-lethal self defense
    units for police and personal use, and soot and crustacean removal
    devices for commercial industries.

    KEYWORDS:

    INFRASOUND GENERATION ULTRASONIC TUNING
    ACOUSTIC WEAPON ULTRASONIC HIGH POWER

    Up to Contents
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    APPENDIX  US4 ... SILENT HYPNOSIS, VOICE-FM COMMERCIAL METHOD

    Altered States Ltd commercial site clearly demonstrates the
    very thin line between "subliminal learning" using "Voice FM",
    and "silent hypnosis" as experienced by involuntary
    experimentees.

    The reader is invited to scan the sample phrases from these
    so-called "learning tapes".  Whether it's "learning" or
    "hypnosis" is left for the reader to decide.

    Image shows how voice is transformed to an inaudible signal.

    ALTERED STATES LTD
    Ph: +64-9-815-5095 or +64-9-815-5059
    Fax: +64-9-815-5067
    Email: altered@ihug.co.nz
    Postal address:
    P.O.Box 68-344, Newton,
    Auckland, New Zealand.
    Street address:
    6A Western Springs Rd,
    Morningside, Auckland,
    New Zealand.

    The original commerical link from which the text below was
    copied on March 22, 2000 is:

    http://www.altered-states.co.nz/cgi-bin/reload.cgi?^/sub/silent.htm

    SILENT SUBLIMINALS

    Only your mind can hear. Your ears hear nothing but your mind
    hears and accepts the powerful suggestions.

    You can safely play these tapes anywhere - in a car, while
    watching TV or listening to your favorite music, while working
    or even as silent sleep programming.

    Warning: Everyone within listening range of the tape will be
    programmed by the suggestions. To assure yourself that strong
    suggestions are recorded on the tape, take it to any Radio
    Shack store, play it on their stereo and read the output with
    a Radio Shack Sound Level Meter (Item 33-2050)

    How To Use The Tapes: Increase the volume until it is just
    below any tape noise. If your stereo deck has treble and bass
    controls, you can boost the subliminal output by increasing
    the treble and decreasing the bass. The player then emits a
    strong but inaudible frequency - modulated 60 - 90 decibel
    signal that is received and demodulated by the human ear.

    Technical Information The Suggestions are delivered on a
    carrier frequency of 14,800 cps, via a low-distortion sinewave
    signal. This frequency is slightly above the audible hearing
    range but the frequency-modulated (FM) signal is still
    strongly impinging upon the diaphragm of the ear. The listener
    can expect his subconscious mind to accept the suggestions
    with repeated listening.

    [EW: Note the similarity to Lowery patent, US 5,159,703]

    How To Use The Tapes: Increase the volume until it is just
    below any tape noise. If your stereo deck has treble and bass
    controls, you can boost the subliminal output by increasing
    the treble and decreasing the bass. The player then emits a
    STRONG BUT INAUDIBLE frequency-modulated 60 to 90 decibel
    signal that is received and demodulated by the human ear.

    The Silent Subliminals is a new brain / mind technology
    developed by an aerospace engineer. This new technique has
    been licensed to Valley of the Sun Audio /

    Video for this incredible new tape series. Patent pending.
    Note: Because the frequency is beyond normal recording range,
    the tape cannot be duplicated:

    Examples of Suggestions:

    - "Every day you become thinner and thinner"
    - "You now lose weight and full fill your goals"
    - "You attain your weight goals and the body you desire"
    - "You have the power and ability to attain the perfect weight
       and body you desire"
    - "You have the self-discipline to lose all the weight you
       want"
    - "You live a healthy lifestyle and eat a proper diet"
    - "You now quit smoking because it serves you"
    - "You lose all desire to smoke"
    - "You accept that you now quit smoking"
    - "You are a non-smoker"
    - "Quit smoking. Quit smoking. Quit smoking"
    - "You have the willpower to do anything you want to do"
    - "You have great self- discipline and you use it to quit
       smoking"
    - "Cigarettes disgust you"
    - "You are very sure of yourself"
    - "You accept that you have great inner courage"
    - "You are self-reliant and self-confident"
    - "You are full of independence and determination"
    - "You have great inner courage"
    - "Every day in every way, you become more and more
       self-confident"
    - "You feel good about yourself"
    - "You project a very positive self-image"
    - "You are relaxed and at ease"
    - "You detach from worldly pressures and experience an inner
       calm"
    - "Negativity flows through you without affecting you"
    - "You accept other people as they are"
    - "You peacefully accept the things you cannot change, and
       change the things you can"
    - "You are at peace with yourself, the world and everyone in
       it"
    - "Your mind is like calm water
    - "You direct your time and energy to manifest your desires"
    - "You have the self-discipline to accomplish your personal
       and professional goals"
    - "Every day, you increase your self-discipline"
    - "You do what you need to do and stop doing what doesn't
       work"
    - "You freely choose to do what you need to do"
    - "You are assertive and feel good about yourself
    - "You now focus your energy upon attaining success"
    - "You know exactly what you want and you go for it"
    - "You can accomplish whatever you set out to do"
    - "Be ultra-successful. Be ultra-successful and become
       wealthy"
    - "Every day in every way, you become more successful"
    - "Your creative thinking opens the door to monetary
       abundance"
    - "You easily achieve and maintain a penile erection"
    - "Your body performs perfectly during sex without thinking
       about it"
    - "A hard, firm erection is your natural response to sexual
       stimulation "
    - "You can make love for a long before you ejaculate"
    - "Every day you feel better about your sexual prowess and
       your ability to achieve and maintain a hard, firm erection

    Up to Contents
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    US5....."ACOUSTIC SPOTLIGHT" CAN TARGET ONE PERSON IN CROWD

    THIS IS THE TEXT PORTION ONLY OF THE ORIGINAL WEB PAGE
    POSTED BY F. JOSEPH POMPEII, MIT MEDIA LAB.  The image
    below, posted by Eleanor White, describes nearly identical
    techology being commerically developed by American
    Technologies Corp., San Diego CA, (as of March 22, 2000):

    The ORIGINAL LINK FOR THIS PAGE (As of March 22, 2000):
    http://sound.media.mit.edu/~pompei/spotlight/

    Machine Listening Group Digital Life Consortium

    A beam of light can be controlled in many ways - it can be
    aimed at one person in a crowd, spread to fill a room, or
    projected to create rich, distant imagery.

    We can now do these very same things with sound.

    To my friends in the UK:

    Thanks to those who have contacted me regarding the BBC piece;
    I'm happy it was so well received.  I recently had a very
    polite British visitor, who seemed to enjoy the demonstration
    a great deal... click the photo to see who it was.

    The Audio SpotlightTM, invented and developed at the MIT Media
    Lab, is a device which uses subtle nonlinear properties of the
    air to create an extremely narrow Sound BeamTM.  This beam of
    sound behaves just like a beam of light - 'shining' it at a
    specific listener allows only that person to hear it, and
    projecting it against a surface creates an acoustic 'image' at
    the point of reflection.  It is the first device that provides
    total control over both the location and distribution of high
    quality sound, something impossible to achieve with
    traditional loudspeakers.

    The circular transducer is very thin, and can be constructed
    in a variety of sizes and configurations as needed.  A typical
    Audio Spotlight transducer has an active area of approximately
    1 foot diameter, and, depending on size and frequency content,
    projects an approximately three-degree wide beam of sound
    audible to well over 100 meters.  Harmonic distortion has been
    reduced to close to that of a traditional loudspeaker, sound
    level is quite appreciable (on the order of 80-90dBA) at
    several meters, and frequency response, depending on size,
    extends down to a few hundred Hertz, and upwards beyond the
    range of hearing. Continued research is being conducted on all
    facets of the technology.

    While still under development, we are testing applications of
    the device in collaboration with several of our Media Lab
    Sponsors in preparation for eventual commercial release.

    Put sound wherever you want it.TM

    F. Joseph Pompei pompei@media.mit.edu

    Usage

    The Audio Spotlight can be used in two major ways:  As
    directed audio, sound is directed at a specific listener or
    area, to provide a private or area specific listening space.
    As projected audio, sound is projected against a distant
    object, creating an audio image.  This audio image is
    literally a projected loudspeaker - sound appears to come
    directly from the projection, just like light.

    The Audio Spotlight consists of a thin, circular transducer
    array and a specially designed signal processor and amplifier.
    The transducer is about half an inch thick, nonmagnetic, and
    lightweight.  The signal processor and amplifier are
    integrated into a unit about the same size as a traditional
    audio amplifier, and has similar power requirements.

    Technology

    Because it is impossible to generate extremely narrow beams of
    audible sound without extremely large loudspeaker arrays, we
    instead generate the sound indirectly, using the nonlinearity
    of the air to convert a narrow beam of ultrasound into a
    highly directive, audible beam of sound.

    The device transmits a narrow beam of ultrasound (blue),
    which, due to the inherent nonlinearity of the air itself,
    distorts (changes shape) very slightly as it travels. This
    distortion creates, along with new ultrasonic frequencies,
    audible artifacts (green) which can be mathematically
    predicted, and therefore controlled. By constructing the
    proper ultrasonic beam, this nonlinearity can be used to
    create, within the beam itself, an audible sound beam
    containing any sound desired. This is presently done in
    real-time using low cost circuitry, a specially designed
    amplifier, and transducers developed at MIT specifically for
    this project.

    Hyperdirectivity

    The directivity, or narrowness, of an acoustic wave generated
    by a circular transducer is proportional to the ratio of the
    diameter of the transducer to the wavelength of the sound. So
    a transducer much larger than the wavelength of the sound
    creates a very narrow beam.

    Audible sound contains wavelengths reaching lengths of several
    feet, so a reasonably sized loudspeaker will always produce a
    very wide, non-directional source at lower frequencies. The
    Audio Spotlight, in contrast, outputs short, millimeter sized
    ultrasonic waves, which form a very narrow beam even in a
    small transducer, which in turn generates audible sound.  The
    nature of the nonlinear transformation also essentially
    eliminates sidelobes in the resulting beam, and maintains
    relatively uniform directivity across the entire audible
    frequency range.

    The figure to the right compares the directivity of the Audio
    Spotlight (yellow) to that of an ordinary loudspeaker
    (purple).at 400 Hz.  Note that the directivity of the Audio
    Spotlight is only three degrees, compared to the essentially
    omnidirectional directivity of the loudspeaker.

    In order to obtain such narrow directivity from a traditional
    loudspeaker system, one would need a loudspeaker array fifty
    meters across!

    A loudspeaker is like a light bulb, but the Audio Spotlight is
    like a laser.

    History

    The use of nonlinear interaction of high frequency sound to
    generate directive low frequency sound sources has been a well
    researched subject in the field of underwater acoustics since
    the early 1960's. Often misattributed to so-called "Tartini
    Tones", the effect is more accurately described as a
    parametric array, a term introduced by Westervelt [1].  In the
    past several decades, many underwater sonar researchers have
    used the effect to both generate directive low frequency sonar
    beams, detect underwater sound (parametric receiving array),
    and extend the bandwidth of underwater transducers.

    The first published demonstration of an airborne parametric
    array was in 1975 by Bennett and Blackstock [2]. Rather than
    using inaudible ultrasound, they instead used very intense,
    high frequency audible sound to produce simple difference
    tones. While their goal was not a practical audio reproduction
    device, they nonetheless effectively demonstrated that the
    parametric array would work in air in addition to underwater.

    In the early 1980's, several Japanese companies, such as
    Nippon Columbia, Ricoh, and Matsushita, attempted to develop
    the parametric array for the reproduction of broadband audible
    sound.  They typically deployed large arrays containing
    hundreds of piezoelectric transducers, such as the one to the
    right [3], to transmit simple AM modulated audible signals.
    While successful in reproducing sound, tremendous problems
    with cost, robustness, and extremely poor sound quality (up to
    50% total harmonic distortion) caused them to abandon the
    technology as unfeasible.

    More recently in mid 1996, an American company produced their
    own version of this device and proclaimed it 'a revolution' in
    audio. In fact, this device, contrary to their claims and
    unbeknownst to the popular press, was very similar to those
    described in audio journals a decade earlier (shown to the
    left), and of course suffered from the very same problems of
    poor sound quality and lack of robustness that plagued the
    earlier researchers [4].  Since then, there has been no
    published evidence of progress towards a practical device.

    Background

    Since his days as a part-time musician and young acoustics
    engineer at Bose in the early 1990's, Mr. Pompei recognized
    that a key ingredient missing from audio reproduction was the
    ability to reliably spatialize sound.  While in a natural
    environment, sound occurs all around us, giving us a
    tremendously strong impression of our environment, the
    reproduction of sound over loudspeakers, at best, provides a
    very vague and limited spatial impression.  Similarly, what
    was missing from music, he decided, was the ability to
    choreograph musical instruments in space, just as you would
    dancers.

    While pursuing as a Master's student techniques related to '3D
    Audio' technologies, he realized that this method would simply
    not work in an uncontrolled acoustic environment - if the
    listener moved out of the small 'sweet spot', the illusion
    would vanish, and there were no practical remedies to this
    problem, so long as traditional loudspeakers were used.  The
    solution, then, was to not rely on psychoacoustic illusions,
    but instead to create sound independently of the loudspeaker.
    One of several ideas he had at the time was the use of
    interacting ultrasound beams to produce audible sound.

    After briefly researching the idea, he discovered the numerous
    papers describing the underwater parametric array and the
    earlier attempts of its application as an audible sound
    source.  From these papers, he saw that there were two key
    concepts which were overlooked in the previous attempts,
    mitigating their success:

    Preprocessing

    Earlier attempts used simple AM modulation to generate the
    ultrasound signal, which does create audible byproducts, but
    also substantial distortion.  The nonlinear transformation
    from ultrasound to audible sound is much more complex than AM
    demodulation.  Therefore, in order to reduce distortion, this
    specific transformation needed to be mathematically modeled,
    inverted, and then applied as a preprocessing algorithm.   The
    lowest-order preprocessing method, used in the earliest MIT
    prototypes, was derived from a simple model [5] proposed in
    1965.

    Transducer Design

    The transducers used in previous attempts were common
    piezoelectric transducers used for ultrasonic ranging.  These
    transducers are highly resonant, and do not have sufficient
    bandwidth to reliably reproduce the preprocessed ultrasonic
    signal.  Thus, even with a preprocessing algorithm,
    substantial distortion would continue to result until we
    developed transducers capable of reliably reproducting the
    broadband preprocessed signal.

    As a side project during his Master's work, he continued his
    development of these ideas, studying nonlinear wave
    interactions and ultrasonic transducer design, eventually
    deciding to pursue the area as the focus of a doctoral
    dissertation.  Of all the universities that he applied to, he
    decided that the free-wheeling nature of the MIT Media Lab was
    the ideal environment for developing the idea.

    The first full size prototype was demonstrated in April 1998
    to our Media Lab Sponsors, and performed beyond all
    expectations. The first demonstration was a John Coltrane
    solo, whose saxophone was heard loud and clear, projected like
    a spotlight all around a movie theater, and flying right over
    the audience. Power consumption was nominal (<30W),
    construction was straightforward, and distortion had been
    reduced by several orders of magnitude compared to all earlier
    attempts.

    A paper [6] describing the results of the first prototype, as
    well as a live demonstration, were presented at the 105th
    Convention of the Audio Engineering Society in September,
    1998, and received a standing ovation.  While the parametric
    array itself is not patentable, MIT has applied for patents on
    key aspects of the technology which make it a practical
    device.

    This directivity plot of a prototype clearly illustrates the
    extreme narrowness of the beam. (Published in [6]).  During
    the summer of 1998, we compared distortion of prior devices
    with our  prototype.  Note that distortion has been reduced
    nearly to that of a traditional loudspeaker.  (Published in
    [6]).

    Since then, development has been remarkably productive, with
    engineering and mathematical advances resulting in more sound
    output, better sound quality, and reliable performance.

    "Everything you do with light, you can now do with sound."TM

    References:

    [1]  Westervelt, P. J., J. Acoust. Soc. America, v35 535-537
         (1963)
    [2]  Bennett, M. B., and Blackstock, D. T., J. Acoust.  Soc.
         America, v57, 562-568 (1975)
    [3]  Yoneyama, M., et al., J. Acoust. Soc. America, v73,
         1532-1536 (1983)
    [4]  Blackstock, D. T., J. Acoust. Soc. America, v102 3106(A)
         (1997) link
    [5]  Berktay, H. O., J. Sound Vib., v2, 435-461 (1965)
    [6]  Pompei, F. J., J. Audio Eng. Soc., v47, 726-731 (1999)
         (originally in Proc. 105th AES Conv., Preprint 4853 (1998) )

    About the Inventor:

    Beginning his career in acoustics at 16 while in high school,
    starting as the first high school co-op and becoming the
    youngest engineer at Bose Corporation, Frank Joseph Pompei
    continued working part-time and summers for Bose while earning
    a degree in Electrical Engineering with an Electronic Arts
    Minor from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.  Recognizing the
    importance and underutilization of spatialized sound, he
    decided to pursue research in psychoacoustics and application
    of auditory localization at Northwestern University, earning a
    Master's degree.  Acutely aware of the limitations of
    traditional loudspeakers, he had the idea of using ultrasound
    as an acoustic projector, and is now developing such a device
    at the MIT Media Lab, continuing his education in pursuit of a
    Ph.D.

    Mr. Pompei is honored to have been chosen as a British Telecom
    fellow for his second year in a row.

    For More Information:

    A technical paper [6] describing the basic device (along with
    a live demo) was presented at the Audio Engineering Society's
    105th Convention (September, 1998).  Please contact them
    directly with preprint requests.  The same paper was just
    published in the September 1999 issue of the Journal of the
    Audio Engineering Society.

    "Official" press/public inquiries:  Contact our Communications
    and Sponsor Relations team.

    Or, you can email me.

    All content (c) 1999 F. Joseph Pompei, MIT Media Lab, except
    where noted.  B&W photo of early parametric array (c) 1983
    Acoustical Society of America.  Reproduction, archiving,
    and/or redistribution of any part of this document prohibited
    without written permission from Mr. Pompei or the MIT Media
    Lab.  Patents Pending.

    Up to Contents
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    APPENDIX TWR1 - THE LADS DEVICE

    Tuesday, September 09, 1997 10:20:09 AM

    VSE CORP. LIFE ASSESMENT DECTECTOR SYSTEM (LADS)
    Patent Pending

    The Life Assessment Detector System (LADS), a microwave Doppler
    movement measuring device, can detect human body surface motion,
    including heartbeat and respiration, at ranges up to 135 feet
    (41.15 meters). The primary function of the LADS is to provide a
    reliable method by which medical and emergency personnel can
    locate personnel buried in building collapses or injured on the
    military battlefield.

    LADS can detect such signs of life as movement, heartbeat, or
    respiration.

    ** NOTE: The referenced image of the LADS device is no longer
    available at the http://www.vsecorp.com web site.  What it showed
    was mainly a small dish antenna mounted on the top of a tripod.
    (August 9, 1998)

    Originally designed to detect heartbeat and respiration of military
    personnel wearing chemical-biological warfare protective
    overgarments, the LADS has been restructured, greatly increasing its
    operational range and providing a means for eliminating
    "nuisance alarms" which could mimic human life signs, such
    as fans, wind drafts, or swaying trees.  This is accomplished through
    neural network technology, which "trains" the system to
    recognize human motion and heartbeat/respiration functions.  If these
    functions are not detected, the reasonable assumption is that there
    are no survivors. Operating under such an assumption, the rescue team
    can now proceed without fear of further loss of life; i.e., rescue
    and medical personnel and equipment can be deployed more effectively
    and efficiently.

    The LADS consists of a sensor module, a neural network module, and
    a control/monitor module.  The sensor module is an x-band (10 GHz)
    microwave transceiver with a nominal output power of 15 milliwatts,
    operating in the continuous wave (CW) mode. The neural network module
    device can store many complex patterns such as visual waveforms and
    speech templates, and  can easily compare input patterns to
    previously "trained" or stored patterns.

    The control/monitor module provides the LADS' instrument controls,
    such as on-off switches, circuit breakers, and battery condition, as
    well as motion, heartbeat waveform, pulse strength, and pulse rate
    displays.

    LADS provides life assessment capabilities for people who are:

    - Trapped in building rubble;
    - Battlefield casualties in a chemical/biological warfare environment;
    - Victims of airline, train, or automobile crashes;
    - Trapped in an avalanche or mud slide;
    - Trapped on a mountain ledge;
    - Trapped under a collapsed tent structure; or
    - Hostages being held in a nonmetallic room.

    For more information about the LADS, send E-mail to:

    info@vsecorp.com (1998 info)

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    APPENDIX TWR2 - THE RADAR FLASHLIGHT

    Project Title: Radar Flashlight

    Project Description:

    The National Institute of Justice (NIJ), through the Joint
    (Justice-Defense) Program Steering Group (JPSG), is sponsoring
    Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) in developing an inexpensive,
    handheld, low-power radar  that will enable law officers to detect
    individuals through interior building walls.  It works by sensing the
    motion of an individual's chest when they breath.

    Status Report:

    GTRI is currently designing and refining the first prototype unit.  A
    laboratory test area has been constructed consisting of a section of
    home siding and drywall, a wooden front door, and a section of brick
    and mortar.  The laboratory model shown here, was able to detect
    individuals through each of these  materials.  It also demonstrated
    the ability to detect an individual through the laboratory's cinder
    block walls.  GTRI is working to combine the two parts of this device
    into a single unit.  NIJ plans on demonstrating the Radar Flashlight
    with law enforcement agencies through its National Law Enforcement
    and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC) (Southeast Regional
    Center) before the end of 1999.

    Contact:

    Dr. Pete Nacci
    Project Manager
    Tel: (703) 351-8821

    E-mail: pnacci@darpa.mil

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    APPENDIX TWR3 - MILLIVISION RADAR

    Current Millivision information at:  http://www.millivision.com

    PM: TECH UPDATE: Frisking From Afar: OCT 95 Popular Mechanics magazine

    Millimeter-wave camera picks up both metallic and plastic concealed
    handguns.

    DEERFIELD, MA-Between microwave and infrared lies the millimeter wave
    band. This little-heralded portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
    turns out to be perfect for "remote frisking." Millitech Corp. has
    designed a camera to accomplish just that.

    [MILLITECH HAS SOLD THE RIGHTS TO MILLIVISION, NORTHAMPTON MA]

    The idea calls for measuring the time delay and intensity of
    millimeter wave energy that radiates naturally. At millimeter
    wavelengths, people are good emitters, while metals are very poor.
    Dielectric objects, such as plastics, ceramics and powdered drugs,
    are somewhere in between. Clothing and building materials, such as
    wallboard,  are virtually transparent.

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    TWR4.....GROUND [**OR HOME/APT WALL**] PENETRATING RADAR

    THIS IS TEXT EXCERPTED FROM GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR MANUFACTURER
    PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION.  THE PURPOSE OF INCORPORATING THIS
    TEXT IS THAT GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR SYSTEMS OVERCOME THE PARTLY-
    CONDUCTIVE-WALL BARRIER TO PASSIVE MILLIMETER WAVE THRU-WALL RADAR.

    The original link for this text (as of March 22, 2000) is:
    http://www.ptsc.com/radar/index.html

    Patriot Scientific Corporation

    Patriot Scientific Corporation has developed radar
    technologies with a wide range of possible applications.

    This description below will highlight possibilities for use in:

    - Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
    - Communications
    - Surveillance
    - Ordnance Detection
    - Stealth Radar

    The Demonstration System:

    ...is a diagram of the demonstration system. A pulse generator
    is used to drive the transmit antenna. The pulse is a positive
    spike going up to 100V then falling back to ground in one and
    a half nanoseconds corresponding to a pulse transmit frequency
    of 750 MHz.

    The return signal is read by the receive antenna.  At this
    point some simple analog processing is done and the signal is
    digitized at a resolution of 6 GHz, and sent to a PC.

    The PC correlates the data into a conventional waveform, does
    some processing, then transmits the data over an ethernet
    cable to a Pentium workstation (not shown).

    The Pentium workstation is used to apply different digital
    filters, combine waveforms, and display the results.  This
    system can be used to demonstrate detection of small targets
    buried in sand, people behind walls, and other targets.

    Patriot has used its antenna system to demonstrate detection
    of objects as small as a coke can buried in sand, through a
    wall. Even small targets disturb the wavefront of the pulse,
    producing reflections and modifing the field in measurable
    ways.

    Patriot will be testing this technology for suitability for
    mine detection. We will be acquiring sample casings and
    running further tests.

    Advantages of Patriot's Impulse Radar System

    The key to Patriot's Radar system is its ability to transmit
    and receive pulses barely longer then single cycles at the
    transmit frequency. The first waveform shown here is a pulse
    generated by an earlier Patriot Design, based on "off the
    shelf" antenna technology. The waveform on the bottom was
    produced and received by Patriot's current Design.

    The current Patriot antenna system produces a pulse at the
    desired frequency with little leading or trailing noise. The
    Patriot antenna system provides many advantages over
    pulse-based systems.

    Patriot originally developed the impulse radar system to allow
    time domain processing in Patriot's GPR systems.  Because the
    impulse is extremely short (3 nanoseconds), the time to return
    can be used to gauge the distance traveled by the pulse.

    Furthermore, the transmit and receive antenna's are very
    directional, eliminating much of the multipath components of
    the return signal.

    The short pulse combined with the directional transmit and
    receive to provide us with a number of important advantages:

    - Very low average power during transmission
    - Low interference from other transmitters
    - Transmission invisible to conventional receivers
    - High bandwidth digital data transmission possible
    - Difficult detection by other impulse receivers

    Interference with other sources and receivers is further
    reduced by using directional antennas. The antenna design
    shown is highly directional.

    When penetrating the ground, we wish to eliminate as much of
    the multipath signal as possible. The directional antennas
    reduce the multipath signals detected to those that are
    relatively inline with the wave path, and eliminate much of
    the multipath signal that returns at odd angles.

    Impulse radar uses low power inherently because the
    transmissions occur in pulses separated by periods of no
    transmission. The power of the pulses is offset by the dead
    time between the pulses. The average output of the current
    system is about 300 MICROwatts. THE LOW AVERAGE POWER OF AN
    IMPULSE SYSTEM EFFECTIVELY HIDES THE TRANSMISSIONS FROM
    CONVENTIONAL RECEIVERS.

    Interference can be further reduced in an impulse system by
    using random interval spacing. As long as the transmit and
    receive antennas are in sync, the period between pulses can be
    varied to prevent aliasing with other continuous- or
    pulse-transmission systems that might be operating in the same
    locale. Furthermore, if an impulse system is being used to
    transmit data, varying the intervals between pulses prevents
    other impulse systems from locking onto the signal. Patriot
    Scientific's current GPR system does not use random interval
    spacing.

    Up to Contents
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    APPENDIX TR1 - COMMERCIAL THOUGHT READING DEVICES

    ............................................................
    http://www.mindmouse.com/  The Cyberlink Mind Mouse:
    Hands-Free, Brain-Wave Control for your Computer

    The Cyberlink Mind Mouse

    What is it?

    The Cyberlink Mind Mouse is a revolutionary hands-free
    computer controller which allows you to move and click a
    mouse cursor, play video games, create music, and control
    external devices, all without using your hands.

    How does it work?

    A headband with three sensors detects electrical signals on
    the forehead resulting from subtle facial muscle, eye, and
    brain activity.  This headband connects to an interface box
    which amplifies and digitizes the forehead signals and sends
    them to your computer.  The Cyberlink software decodes the
    forehead signals into ten BrainFingers for continuous cursor
    control. It also decodes eye motion and facial gestures into
    mouse button clicks, keystrokes, and cursor resolution
    control. With a little practice, most or all of these
    commands can be mastered to operate virtually all computer
    functions.

    I can do what...?

    By learning to change the energy levels of your BrainFingers,
    you will be able to do just about anything on a computer,
    except turn it on! The Cyberlink Mind Mouse supports
    hands-free mouse, keyboard and joystick cursor control,
    switch closure, video game control, and music and art
    synthesis.

    ...and it works with my software?

    The Cyberlink Mind Mouse features a Windows 95 Mouse Driver
    for hands-free control of third party software like games,
    business software, Internet browsers, and a range of
    assistive technologies, such as the X-10 Home Controller and
    special needs word- processing and communication software,
    including WiVik2, Words Plus, and Clicker Plus.

    What kind of computer does it take?

    The Cyberlink Mind Mouse has the following PC requirements:

         Pentium Processor
         16 MB RAM
         20 MB Disk Space
         VGA or better Display
         Windows 95

    What comes with the Mind Mouse?

    The Cyberlink Mind Mouse consists of the following
    components:

         Cyberlink Interface Unit
         Cyberlink Headband/Sensor Harness with 3 Sensors
         Cybergel
         Cyber Trainer Software
         Windows 95 "Mouse" Driver
         Cables
         User manual

    How much is it?

    The Cyberlink Mind Mouse is priced at $1495.00 (US$) plus
    shipping. Free upgrades are included for one year.

    ............................................................
    The Times, Sept 2, 1996 p14 (1)
    Title:the power of thought (innovations for paraplegics)
    Author: anjana ahuja
    abstract:

    Peter Gannicott, 36 yr old UK paraplegic who cannot speak ,
    as a result of a motorcycle accident in 1982 , might be able
    to activate his computer and other devices by thinking if
    neurosurgery is successful.  London university's Emeritus
    Professor of Physiology, giles Brindley, ad the Radcliffe's
    Hospital 's chief neurosurgeon, Peter Teddy, have conceived a
    way whereby signals produced by electrodes over the brain
    should be able to operate a computer.

    ............................................................
    SIGHTINGS

        Implants Can Now Allow Humans To Control Computers
                        By Nigel Hawkes
                         Science Editor
                       The Times (London)
                      www.the-times.co.uk

    AN AMERICAN scientist has entered the world of science
    fiction by implanting electrodes in the brains of disabled
    people so that they can control a computer by the power of
    thought.

    The implants have enabled two paralysed people to move the
    cursor on the screen simply by thinking about moving part of
    their body. They were able to convey messages such as "I'm
    thirsty" or "please turn off the light" by pointing the
    cursor at different icons.

    The hope is that eventually patients will be able to
    communicate complex ideas just by thinking about them. "If
    you can run a computer, you can talk to the world," Dr Ray
    Bakay of Emory University in Atlanta, whose team developed
    the implants, said.

    A number of laboratories around the world are working on
    brain implants, but the only devices licensed for use so far
    are bionic ears for the profoundly deaf and chips which can
    control the tremor caused by Parkinson's disease.

    The Emory implants go much further. They consist of two
    hollow glass cones, each the size of a ballpoint pen tip,
    placed into the brain's motor cortex, which controls body
    movements. The cones are covered in chemicals that encourage
    nerve growth, extracted from the patient's knees. Once
    installed, nerve cells grow into the cones and attach
    themselves to tiny electrodes inside.

    The location of each cone is determined by monitoring the
    patient's brain using scanners and identifying the most
    active regions. Once the cones are in place and surrounded by
    nerve cells, the patient is asked to think about moving some
    part of the body, and signals from the electrodes are picked
    up by a small transmitter-receiver, amplified, and used to
    control a computer. Depending upon which nerves grow into the
    cones, each patient may have to think about moving a
    different part of the body to achieve the same effect.

    They are trained by listening to a buzzer which becomes
    faster and louder when they are thinking along the right
    lines.  Dr Bakay says that controlling the cursor soon
    becomes second nature.

    The first two patients, New Scientist reports, were a woman
    with motor neuron disease, who was given the implants 18
    months ago and has since died, and a 57-year-old man
    paralysed by a stroke.

    They were taught very simple commands, with one cone being
    used to move the cursor up and down and the other from left
    to right. If they could give more complex commands, disabled
    people could use them to make the computer speak for them. Dr
    Bakay warns that this could still be years off. But he has
    secured funding from the US National Institutes of Health to
    continue the research with three more patients.

    The British Telecom laboratories near Ipswich have also done
    research into implantable chips, including a possible memory
    chip which would take data from the eye and store it for a
    computer. "There is a raft of wonderful benefits to bringing
    chips and circuits inside human beings," said Dr Peter
    Cochrane, head of research.

    ............................................................
    Communicating with 'thought power'

    "Bionic brain implants allowing a computer to be operated
    by the power of thought, have been developed by American
    scientists," reports BBC News. Read all about it here:

    http://www.news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/
      sci/tech/newsid_193000/193946.stm

    The BBC report states that "the [brain] implant becomes
    naturally 'wired' into the patient's brain as neurones grow
    into the cones and attach themselves to the electrodes
    mounted inside," and that "An FM transmitter under the scalp
    transmits the signal without wires, and...no batteries," to
    operate the cursor on a computer...  hard to believe!

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    APPENDIX TR2 - RATS CONTROL DEVICES WITH THOUGHT

    [Eleanor White comments:  This article shows clearly that the reading
    of minds is almost accomplished in the UNclassified world.  Since
    CLASSIFIED technology is always a decade or two ahead of the
    unclassified world, imagine what exists now in the black areas of
    defense contractors and government labs!]

    Rats Control Robot by Thought Alone

    By Maggie Fox
    Reuters

    WASHINGTON (June 23) - It sounds like something out of science
    fiction -- a rat with a small electrode sticking out of its head
    decides it wants a drink and, without touching anything at all,
    gets a robotic arm to bring it some water.

    Still, a team of neurobiologists say their rats can control a
    machine with brainpower alone, and they think their technology may
    someday help paralyzed people.

    ''The people in the lab started calling the experiment the
    'thinking about drinking experiment,' John Chapin of Hahnemann
    Medical College in Philadelphia, who led the research, said in a
    telephone interview. ''But we don't know whether rats think.''

    Whatever the rats are doing, they are controlling the robotic arm
    without touching anything, said Chapin, who worked with colleagues
    at Duke University in North Carolina.

    Reporting in the July issue of the journal Nature Neuroscience,
    they said they implanted tiny electrodes, no thicker than a hair,
    into the brains of six rats.

    ''It doesn't hurt the animal,'' Chapin said. ''All there is is a
    little plug coming out of the animal's head. He runs around the
    cage and everything.''

    The electrode is recording the activity of neurons -- on average 46
    -- which Chapin found was important to making the experiment work.
    Earlier studies that recorded the activity of just one or a few
    brain cells did not work.

    ''We trained the rat initially to put his paw on a lever and to
    press the lever down. When the lever got pressed down there was a
    robot arm that moved over to a water dropper and then brought the
    water back to the animal's mouth,'' Chapin said.

    The rats had to carefully control the lever -- if they only pushed
    the lever halfway, it would only bring the arm halfway to them.

    Chapin's team then recorded the brain activity associated with the
    movement of pressing the lever.

    ''We have an electronic device that converted those patterns of
    activity in the brain of the animal into a single electronic signal
    that could move the robot arm,'' Chapin said.

    Soon they disconnected the lever from the robot arm and hooked it
    up to the converting device alone.

    They found, as other researchers have, that the brain activity
    controlling the movement came before the actual movement.

    ''When control of the robot arm was switched to the brain, the
    robot arm went over and brought water to the animal's mouth before
    the animal even started to move,'' Chapin said.

    ''After a couple of days, the animals began to recognize that and
    they stopped actually pressing the lever.''

    Chapin said if the technique can be proven safe and reliable in
    animals such as monkeys, which have bigger and more complex brains
    than rats, it might eventually be tested in people with severe
    paralysis.

    ''If this really becomes a workable thing, I think there are a lot
    of people that could use it,'' he said.

    It is important to record the signals from many neurons and not
    just a few, Chapin said. Of the six rats tested, he added, just
    four could get the arm to work. ''Two rats would do it a few times
    and then they would stop,'' he said.

    ''The reason was we were not recording enough neurons in those
    animals. The robot arm would jerk around a lot and it wasn't
    smooth. When the animal tried to get his mouth around it, it would
    kind of bop him on the nose. They didn't like it.''

    For complex movements, such as those made by an artificial limb,
    even more neurons will be required, he said.

    ''In principle, it should be possible to tap this information and
    control a prosthetic limb,'' Dr. Eberhard Fetz of the University of
    Washington in Seattle wrote in a commentary on the findings.

    REUTERS 11:01 06-23-99

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    APPENDIX TR3 - THOUGHT READING BY RADIO SIGNAL

    ELCTRONICS & BRAIN CONTROL
    Excerpted From
    Popular Electronics Magazine
    July 1973, Vol. 4, Number 1
    by L. George Lawrence

    Comments by Eleanor White:  This article is excerpted mainly to
    provide experimenters and researchers with leads toward much better
    quality evidence that electronic mind control works.  This article is
    NOT rigorously enough referenced that it will stand as evidence by
    itself.

    Only those paragraphs which are of high relevancy have been
    transcribed; the article is long and since it is not a courtroom-
    ready document, I won't be adding to this transcription.

    Items in square brackets [  ] are comments inserted by me to clarify
    the original text.

    [pg 65]

    It is time that we closely examined brain control now that scientists
    are actively seeking to unravel the mysteries that shroud that miniature
    bioelectric giant known as the human brain.  Elements of brain control
    can already be found in anti-collision radar technology involving birds.

    It has also been substantiated that pumping energy in the gigahertz
    range of frequencies through human heads, subjects can suddenly "hear"
    without using their ears.

    See Allan Frey's paper

    [SNIP]

    [pg 66]

    It was during these [Frey] studies that a profoundly important discovery
    was made:  Deaf subjects often had the ability to hear radio frequency
    sound.  The clinical criterion was that, if a given person could hear audio
    above 5 kHz [higher range of a piano] by bone or air conduction, then radio
    frequency sound could be heard as well.

    This and related work has resulted in the manufacture of radio frequency
    [!!] type hearing aids for the deaf, one of which is made by LISTENING INC.,
    6 Garden Street, Arlington, Mass., and is known as the Neurophone Model
    GPF-1.  [Not Flanagan's Neurophone]  It operates at 100 kHz [about five
    times the normal maximum hearing frequency] and employs crystal control.

    [pg 67]

    These observations tie in with the fact that some individuals can detect
    radio programs through fillings in their teeth.  This phenomenon was
    technically verified by interposing shields between respective
    people who exhibited this effect and the modulated radio frequency sources.

    ["Modulation" means "changes" made to an otherwise steady signal.]

    When the lower half of the head was covered, including the maxillary
    dental area, the radio frequency sound was perceived.  The sound ceased
    on covering the top half of the head.  While the mechanism responsible
    for this phenomenon is only imperfectly understood, it can be assumed to be
    the result of DIRECT cortical stimulation.

    [In other words, even when the sound seems to be coming from the teeth, it
    is actually being directly received and interpreted in the brain, not the
    teeth.]

    [SNIP]

    [pg 68]

    Brain-Wave Detection.  Some 40-odd years ago, university professor
    F. Cazzamalli started publishing papers on the subject of brain-wave
    detection [using radio signals] and implied that he had detected radiations
    from the mind.  [See image above.]

    As shown in Fig. 4, he placed his subjects in a shielded room (or Faraday
    cage), emanated VHF radio waves through their heads, and claimed to have
    recorded "beat frequencies" obtained with an untuned receiver consisting
    of a galena crystal or diode tube [same thing for practical purposes],
    a fixed capacitor, an antenna, and a sensitive light beam galvanometer.
    [A "galvanometer" is a voltmeter; light beam types show up in physics
    labs and are one of the most sensitive types of voltmeter.]

    The trouble is that Cazzamalli never mentioned transmitter power in his
    somewhat unprofessional papers [that's why we can't use this experiment
    directly as standalone evidence].  His oscillograms meant to show variations
    of the "beat" when his subjects were emotionally aroused or engaged in
    creative tasks when they were in the Faraday cage.  ["Beat" as used by
    Cazzamalli refers to EEG-frequency, i.e. ELF,  traces.]

    Later he told an astounded world that his subjects would hallucinate when
    under the influence of his "oscillatori telegrafica", it's frequency being
    around 300 MHz at the time.  [Aviation radios are in this range.]

    Tom Jaski, a noted science writer and engineer duplicated some of
    Cazzamalli's work with a modern low-power oscillator that was swept from
    300 MHz to 600 MHz. [Cell phones start at over 900 MHz.]

    His subjects could not see the dial.  They were told to sound off as soon
    as they felt something unusual.  At a certain frequency range - varying
    between 380 MHz adn 500 MHz - the subjects repeatedly indicated points
    with exact accuracy in as many as 14 out of 15 trials.  At these
    "individual" ...

    [pg 69]

    ...frequencies, the same subjects announced having experienced pulsing
    sensations in the brain, ringing in the ears, and an odd desire to bite
    the experimenters.  [I'd like to do that anyway - preferably using a hungry
    alligator!]

    The oscillator's output power was only a few milliwatts, while the
    oscillator itself was located several feet away from the subjects.

    [Any experimenters out there want to try this?  Milliwatts are quite
    safe for short term expermiments.  Kids' walkie talkies are 50 to 100
    milliwatts, for example.]

    [SNIP]

    Up to Contents
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    APPENDIX TR4 - ELECTRONICS SEES WHAT A CAT SEES

    Eye's Visions Electronically Read And Displayed

    Eleanor White's comments:  Over decades of experience and among
    around 300 involuntary neuro-electromagnetic experimentees, there have
    been instances where two types of thought reading were evidently
    performed by the experimenters:

    - Electronic reading of thoughts "said to one's self"
    - Electronic viewing through the eyes of the experimentee

    This article is about picking up recognizable images from a living
    brain (a cat's) and displaying those images on a screen.  Keeping in
    mind that classified projects can be 20 or more years ahead of
    unclassified work (e.g. the SR-71 aircraft), the claims of the
    involuntary experimentees become much closer to believable in light
    of the unclassified work described below.

    (** NOTE:  While pondering the technology here, the reader should also
    reflect on the apparent ease with which these experimenters can cut up
    a cat's skull, restrain it, in obvious discomfort and extreme unwilling-
    ness, to obtain this data.  We 300 victims would like to point this out
    to show the world that this same callous attitude is what enables
    similar covert experimenters to torture us around the clock and complete-
    ly shatter our lives.)

    ...................................................................
    ELEKTRONSKI MAGAZIN ORIGINAL LINK:
    http://www.sabac.co.yu/e-zine/technology/txt/kahney_cat_eye.html
    If above link is broken
    A Cat's Eye Marvel - EXCERPT:
    by Leander Kahney
    3:00 a.m.  7.Oct.99.PDT

    In a dramatic demonstration of mind reading, neuroscientists have
    created videos of what a cat sees by using electrodes implanted in
    the animal's brain.  Garrett Stanley of Harvard, and Fei Li and
    Yang Dan of the University of California, Berkeley, were able to
    reconstruct in startling detail scenes flashed before a cat's eyes.

    ...................................................................
    Read ongoing Med-Tech coverage
    ...................................................................

    The reconstructed scenes clearly demonstrate the scientist's
    ability to decode the language of the cat's visual system.

    The researchers attached electrodes to 177 cells in an anesthetized
    cat's thalamus, a region of the brain falling about half-way in the
    visual processing pathway.

    Having recorded patterns of firing as various scenes were flashed
    before the cat's eyes, the team was able to reconstruct very
    closely what the animal saw, which varied from people's faces to
    scenes of a dark forest.

    The research was applauded by other neuroscientists.

    "The demonstration that you can reconstruct a movie from the
    multiple cells in the thalamus is an important step in our
    understanding of how signals are represented in the activity of
    populations of cells," said Fred Rieke, an assistant professor of
    physiology and biophysics at the University of Washington.

    Stanley, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering, said the
    research provides clues about how prosthetics may one day be wired
    into the mammalian nervous system. By understanding the language of
    the brain, scientists will be able to create devices that talk to
    it, he said.

    "Trying to understand how the brain codes information leads to the
    possibility of replacing parts of the nervous system with an
    artificial device," he said.

    Stanley predicted that in the next couple of decades, as more and
    more of the neural code is decoded, brain interfaces may start to
    appear.

    But he cautioned it may take a lot longer. He noted that the team
    also recorded the activity of cells higher up in the cat's visual
    pathway -- in the visual cortex -- but the results were not as
    startling because of the greater complexity of the cells.

    "So little is understood about thoughts, perceptions, dreams, it's
    impossible to predict how much progress we'll make in understanding
    them," he said.

    However, Ken Miller, as associate professor at the University of
    California, San Francisco, said researchers around the world are
    using similar techniques to decode higher brain functions.

    "These methods could be applied to further up the visual pathway,"
    he said. "It will become more difficult ... but it's a promising
    direction."

    The experiments were reported in the September 99 issue of the Journal
    of Neuroscience.

    .................................................................
    BTW--the images they saw are posted

    You  can see the images here:

    http://jase.deadbeets.com/recon_figure2.html
    .................................................................

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    TR5.....MIND SWITCH - THINK APPLIANCES ON, OFF, OR ADJUST

    Original link (March 2000):
    http://www.phys.uts.edu.au/~asearle/mind_switch/m_switch.html

    OVERVIEW

    The Mind Switch refers to the technology that has been
    developed which allows a person to turn on and off an
    electrical appliance, such as a desk lamp or TV in 2-3 seconds
    using EEG signals, without training. Proportional control,
    such as turning up or down the volume of a radio is also
    possible with the technology. This research is being carried
    at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS).

    BACKGROUND - General

    Early in 1994 while studying the response of the brain to
    environmental factors Professor Ashley Craig and Mr Paul
    McIsaac of the Department of Health Sciences at UTS, noticed
    an effect which appears to be common among all persons. That
    effect is an increase in a particular brain signal when a
    person closes his/her eyes for more than one second. The
    important question that Ashley and Paul then asked was could
    this effect be used to do something useful?, ie - could the
    control of the brain signal be used, in turn, to control
    something else?

    At this stage Ashley contacted Professor Tony Moon, the Dean
    of Science at UTS, to find out if anyone could help answer the
    technical questions and design a system that might exploit the
    apparent change in the signal level when a person closes
    his/her eyes. Professor Moon introduced Ashley to Assoc Prof
    Les Kirkup who is a associate professor in the department of
    Applied Physics at UTS, who has experience in developing
    electronics and instrumentation.

    It was thought he could offer important input to the project.
    He was initially sceptical that signals as small as those that
    are present on the scalp, (where electrodes are placed to pick
    up brain activity) could be detected reliably and analysed
    sufficiently quickly to allow activation of an external
    device, such as a lamp or TV. The data that had been gathered
    on signal levels with eyes open and eyes closed showed that a
    significant increase occurred in the 8-13Hz part of the 'brain
    spectrum' commonly referred to as the 'alpha' region.

    Les built a detection, discrimination and analysis system
    based on Ashley and Paul's data and, much to his surprise at
    least, the first person (Lucy) connected to the system showed
    the capability of operating a switch which could control an
    electrical appliance.

    BACKGROUND - Technical

    Serious work done on brain signals began with Berger in 1929
    [Berger 1967]. Since that time the acquisition and analysis of
    brain signals, referred to as Electroencephalography (EEG) has
    advanced to such a state that EEG is regularly used to assist
    in the diagnosis of schizophrenia, epilepsy and brain tumours.
    [Geddes and Baker, 1989]. EEG has also been used in
    biofeedback studies in which subjects may learn to modify
    their EEG signals in response to visual representation of
    their EEG signals.

    This control usually take weeks or months to learn and is not
    highly reliable. The system we have developed does NOT rely on
    any learned skill by an individual. It simply requires a
    person to close his/her eyes for more than 1 second to effect
    sufficient change in the signals levels to allow for the
    reliable operation of a switch. It turns out that it has been
    known for many years that increase in signal level occur upon
    eye closure, but this is the first example (to our knowledge)
    of the recognition of its potential and the exploitation of
    the effect.

    The system used to detect the change in signals consists of
    amplifiers, filters and other signal processing elements (full
    DETAILS ARE STILL CLASSIFIED at the moment!). As there are
    other sources which can generate signals which can interfere
    with brain signals (and hence cause intermittent switching on
    and off of appliances) we have developed a noise suppression
    system which eliminates the effect of those noise sources.
    This feature is very important as we are currently developing
    the technology for disabled persons (we have a three year
    grant from the Motor Accident Authority of New South Wales,
    MAA) and reliability is a major issue. The funding from MAA
    has allowed us to appoint Mr Andrew Searle who has become a
    key figure in the technical developments regarding the Mind
    Switch.

    In addition Mr Perez Moses is developing new noise suppression
    techniques to be applied in this work.

    Berger, H. 1967. On the electroencephalogram of man (trans. by
    P. Gloor).EEG Clin.  Neurophysiol., Suppl. 28:1-350

    Geddes, L. A. and Baker, L. E. 1989. Principles of applied
    biomedical instrumentation 3rd ed.  (Wiley, New York):
    pp726-727

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    APPENDIX IMP1 - PROMOTION OF HUMAN IMPLANTATION BY NIH

    THIS TEXT WAS COPIED FROM THE ORIGINAL NIH/CNCT WEB SITE AT THIS
    ADDRESS:

    http://www.engin.umich.edu/center/cnct/orgind.html

    Center for Neural Communication Technology Organization

    The NIH NCRR requires that its Centers have several basic components:
    internal research projects, collaborative research projects, and
    service to external investigators in the form of distribution and
    training.  The organization of the Center for Neural Communication
    Technology (CNCT) will be described here with links to more details
    on individual projects.

    The underlying goal for all of the work conducted by the CNCT is to
    make multichannel recording and stimulation devices available to
    researchers which will enable them to more efficiently communicate
    with the brain.  Micromachined electrodes offer the potential to
    extend small ensemble studies to tissue volume studies consisting of
    dozens if not hundreds of cells.

    Internal Research Projects

    There are three internal research projects under the Center which are
    designed to enhance the capability of the base technology:

    Project 1, Extensions of Micromachined Microelectrode Technology:

        Extend the basic structure of the device to include fluid
        carrying channels for delivery of fluids to tissue volume,
        and/or to lesion at recording/stimulation site locations.

    Project 2, Biological Neural Networks:

        Develop techniques for data acquisition from and analysis of
        neural circuits in the volume surrounding arrays of recording
        devices.  The direction which has been proposed for this project
        over the next grant period will be to study the relationships
        between the physical characteristics of the devices and the
        architecture of the neural tissue to rationalize the process of
        design and experimentally explore and model the deterioration of
        chronic implants over time to improve their behavior.  A recent
        poster presentation on data collected from the cochlear nucleus
        can be seen [on the original site.]

    Project 3, Morphological Visualization and Assessment:

        Explore the envelope of tissue surrounding stimulation,
        recording and/or chemical delivery probes for histological
        evidence of deterioration of probe performance which has been
        observed electrophysiologically in vivo.

    Collaborative Research Projects

    In addition to internal projects, there are multiple collaborative
    research projects with investigators outside the Center.
    Collaborators contribute significantly toward improving and expanding
    the use of the technology in areas including optimization of device
    designs, evaluation of chronic connectors, interconnects and cranial
    chambers, improvement of implantation methods, development of
    protocols for chronic electrode site maintenance, testing of advanced
    devices, and exploration of new application areas.

    Here are links to webpages of some of our collaborators (more to come.....):

    http://osiris.rutgers.edu/Buzsaki.html

        Gyorgy Buzsaki, M.D., Ph.D., Rutgers University, Neural network
        activity in the hippocampal formation

    http://www.dbbs.wustl.edu/RIB/Highstein.html

        Steven Highstein, M.D. Ph.D., Washington University, Effects of
        microgravity upon the labyrinth

    http://msewww.engin.umich.edu/people/milty/protein_polymers.html

        David Martin, Ph.D., University of Michigan, Microstructure and
        processing of bioactive protein polymers

    http://www.med.umich.edu/khri/censys/jmiddleb.htm

        John Middlebrooks, Ph.D., University of Michigan, Cortical
        representation of auditory space

    Service to investigators outside of the CNCT is provided in the forms
    of distribution of probes, and training in their use.

    Distribution has been a key component of the CNCT since its
    inception.  In fact, it provided the main motivation for applying for
    the first NIH NCRR grant in 1994. To receive probes, we require that
    investigators fill out an application.  Details of the variety of
    devices which we offer to the research public are outlined in a
    catalog. Standard devices are provided packaged appropriate for acute
    use.  Prior to receiving additional batches of probes, we require the
    submission of a feedback form so that we may track progress and use
    the data to better understand and improve the technology.

    The CNCT offers several training opportunities to provide education
    and experience in the design, handling and application of
    multichannel probes.

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    APPENDIX IMP2 - ITALIAN DOCTOR REPORTS HUMAN IMPLANTATION

    July 1999 Statement by an Italian Doctor Regarding Unusual Human Implants

    This physician has requested anonymity but is well-known to the
    involuntary human experimentation community and can be contacted
    through some of us.  Eleanor White

    .................. statement by Italian physician .........................

    "A physician of my acquaintance has repeatedly discovered metal objects
    implanted into a number of residents - normal people, workers - of small
    towns in the North-Western surroundings of Turin, towards the valley
    ending in the French frontier.

    "These devices, to the best of my knowledge, are not for any therapeutic
    purpose.  Knowing that people have been used for involuntary electronic
    implantation experiments, these patients may have also been implanted in
    this way.  Further investigation would be needed to learn the truth
    about these metallic implants."

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    APPENDIX IMP3 - IMPLANT TRANSMITS PHYSIO- AND PSYCHO- PARAMETERS BY RADIO

    Unclassified Read-by-Radio Implant Development Project

    Eleanor White's comments on this posting:  This posting describes
    unclassified wireless telemetry of bodily functions, used for benign
    and beneficial purposes.  This is about monitoring BY RADIO.

    The reason it is of interest to involuntary neuro-electromagnetic
    experimentees (military and intelligence) is that development programmes
    like this one show that both the WILL and the MEANS to track someone's
    bodily functions by radio EXIST, and exist RIGHT NOW.

    People seeking to discredit us will say that such technology could not
    possibly be in use now, or in some cases, even exist.  Keeping in mind
    the typical 20-year spread between classified and unclassified technology,
    as demonstrated by the SR-71 reconnaissance aircraft, it is clear that
    classified military and intelligence programmes have highly advanced
    methods of tracking a target's body functions.

    ........................................................................
    PROGRAM; SBIR (Small Business Initiative Research)
    AGENCY; AF
    FIELD OFFICE; AL
    TOPIC NUMBER; AF93-023
    CONTROL NUMBER; 93AL-226
    CONTRACT NUMBER; F41624-93-C-2005
    AWARDED IN; 93
    AWARD STSRT DATE; 11MAY93
    PHASE 1
    AWARD COMPLETION DATE; 11DEC93
    PROPOSAL TITLE; TELECTRODE SYSTEMS FOR UNOBSTRUSIVE
    BIOPOTENTIAL RECORDING
    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR NAME; RICHARD L. HORST, PhD
    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR PHONE; 301-596-4915

    FIRM; MAN-MADE SYSTEMS CORP
    4020 ARJAY CIRCLE
    ELICOTT CITY, MD 21042

    WOMAN OWNED; N
    MINORITY OWNED; N
    NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES; 6
    .....................................................................

    KEYWORDS; BIOTELEMETRY ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY SENSORS
    MICRO-CIRCUITRY

    ABSTRACT; Biopotential recordings of human psycho-
    physiological parameters are hampered in many field settings,
    and some laboratory and clinic settings, by the sensor
    technology.

    [Eleanor White's comment:  Take SPECIAL NOTE of that
    word "PSYCHO-"... that has great significance for neuro-
    electromagnetic experimentees!]

    Conventional electrodes which tether the subject to the
    signal amplification and recording equipment, are cumbersome
    to apply, often interfere with normal movements, are easily
    dislodged, and induce electrical noise due to the movement of
    the electrode wires carrying low level signals.

    This project seeks to design essentially wireless electrode
    recording systems that use radio frequency telemetry to
    transmit the biopotential signal from the recording site to a
    body-worn transceiver and then to a remotely located
    receiver.

    [Eleanor White's comment:  That means, radio signals
    THROUGH THE FLESH to an externally worn transceiver.  The
    only difference between this UNclassified project and the
    involuntary neuro-electromagnetic experimentees is distance,
    which can be overcome with time.]

    The present subcontractor has developed transceiver and
    receiver technology that will be reviewed and customized as
    needed for the present application. The focus here will be on
    developimg a generic design for the sensor subsystem
    ("telectrodes") to include the transducer interface with the
    skin, miniaturized amplifier and filter circuitry, an optimal
    connection between the transducers providing differential
    inputs to the amplifier, a longlasting but compact battery,
    and transmitter.

    Phase I will consist of a design specification, development
    of a bench-top engineering prototype, design trade-off
    studies using the prototype, and the delineation of a detail
    design.

    References

    [1] Life Sciences Advanced BioTelemetry System (LS-ABTS)
    Engineering Specification, January 11, 1995.

    [2] "Monitoring the Mysteries of the Fetus", NASA-Ames
    Research Center, Videotape 1996.

    [3-10] Deleted as irrelvant to showing implants are being
    actively designed and used.  Eleanor White.

    [11] J.W. Hines, C. J. Somps, et al., "Advanced Biotelemetry
    Systems for Space Life Sciences: pH Telemetry", Procs. 13th
    Annual International Symposium on Biotelemetry, Williamsburg,
    Virginia, March 26-31, 1995, p.  37.  20

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    APPENDIX  IMP4 ... DR DELGADO'S "STIMOCEIVER"/HUMAN IMPLANT EXPERIMENTS

    ** THIS IS A BENEFICIAL EXPERIMENT, HOWEVER, *NO MODIFICATIONS* ARE NECESSARY
       TO APPLY THIS TECHNOLOGY FOR CRIMINAL PURPOSES AND TORTURE

    PSYCHOTECHNOLOGY
    Electronic Control of Mind and Behavior
    edited by Schwitzgebel  and Schwitzgebel
    published Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc.
    [Each chapter is by a different author]

    Chapter 15
    page 184

    Intracerebral Radio Stimulation and Recording in Completely Free Patients
    Dr. Jose M. R. Delgado
    [EW: An MKULTRA perpetrator, yet unpunished. Intracerebral = in the brain]

    Diagnosis and treatment of focal brain dysfunction associated with behav-
    ioral abnormalities are complex tasks which require more effective
    exploratory techniques.  Intracerebral electrodes, electrocorticographical
    studies, and subsequent discrete neurosurgery have given the epileptologist
    and stereotaxic surgeon new possibilities for clinical investigation which
    as yet have been applied to only a small percentage of the patients suffer-
    ing from neurological disorders including temporal-lobe epilepsy and related
    episodic behavior problems.

    In these therapeutic studies, recordings and stimulation of any chosen
    cerebral structure can be performed over a period of days or weeks, and
    neuronal sites identified as triggers for abnormal electrical patterns as-
    sociated with behavioral disturbances can be destroyed by electrolysis or
    resection.

    Unfortunately in some patients episodic behavior disorders may be more dis-
    abling than their epileptic seizures, and focal lesions may improve one
    syndrome without modifying the other.  Furthermore, recording and stimula-
    tion are usually performed under conditions which qualify their usefulness,
    because the patients' mobility is limited by connecting leads, and the
    behavior is likewise altered by the stressful and artificial environment
    of the recording room.

        [Inset] Reprinted from The Journal of Nervous and Mental
        Disease, copyright [copy unredable] by the Williams and
        Wilkins Company, Vol. 147, No. 4.  Reproduced by permission.

        1 Research and instrumental development fro the construction
        of the stimoceiver was supported by the United States Air
        Force, 6571st Aeromedical Research Laboratory F 29600-67-C-
        0058.  Additional support for our research was provided by
        the United States Public Health Service, M-2004, and the
        Office of Naval Research, 609 (48).

        The circuit for EEG recording is a modified version of the
        unit described by Meehan (1965), and his help in providing
        us with the information and one of his units is gratefully
        acknowledged.  The help of Mr. Per Ha...[unreadable]
        developing telestimulation is also gratefully acknowledged.

    During the last few years, methodology has been developed to stimulate
    and record the electrical activity of the brain in completely unrestrained
    monkeys and chimpanzees (Delgado, 1967; Delgado and Mir, in press).  This
    procedure should be of considerable clinical interest because it permits
    exploration of the brain for unlimited periods without disturbing their
    rest or normal spontaneous activities. [EW: Dr. Delgado, you are all heart!]

    This paper reports instrumentation used and clinical application in four
    patients with psychomotor epilepsy in whom electrodes had been implanted in
    the temporal lobes.  To our knowledge, this is the first use of intercereb-
    ral radio stimulation and recording in man.

    METHODS
    page 185

    Implantation of electrodes

    Electrodes were constructed and stereotaxically implanted according to
    methods previously described (Mark & Ervin, 1969).  The electrode assemblies
    which were connected to a McPherson skull plug, consisted of a plastic
    stylet, 1.2 mm in diameter, with 15 stainless steel ? mm wide contacts at
    3 mm intervals, plus one thermistor and three other contacts at the tip.

    Using a McPherson Type 2 stereotaxic machine (Mark & Ervin, 1969), electrode
    assemblies were implanted ???laterally into the anterior medical amygdala
    of each patient.

    Radio Stimulation

    This system consists of two instruments:  (1) the RF transmitter that
    measures 30 cm x 25 cm x 15 cm and includes the circuitry for controlling
    repetition rate, duration, and amplitude (intensity) of the stimulating
    pulse.  The repetition rate may be varied in steps between 10 and ?? Hz
    and the duration between 0.1 and 1.5 millisec.  Single pulses may also
    be generated.

    Intensity control is accomplished by varying the frequency of the three
    subcarrier oscillators that operate in the 100 to ?00 kHz frequency range.
    A 100 MHz oscillator is turned on and off by the pulse train from the
    subcarrier oscillators.  The duration of this pulse is determined by the
    pulse-duration switch.  These bursts of 100 MHz RF energy are received
    by (2) the receiver-stimulator which is carried ?? the subject, measures
    3.7 cm x 3.0 cm x 1.4 cm, and weighs 20 grams.

    The solid-state circuitry is encapsulated in epoxy resin which provides
    it with very good mechanical strength and makes it waterproof.  Space for
    the ? volt mercury battery is included in the size mentioned above.

    After RF detection, the resulting subcarrier frequency is demodulated into
    an amplitude.  This amplitude controls the current intensity of the
    stimulation pulse by means of a constant current transistor in the output
    circuit of the receiver.  This method makes the pulse intensity independent
    of biological impedance changes over a wide range.  Under average stimu-
    lation conditions, the battery life is approximately one week.

    Operating range is up to 100 feet.

    [EW: This is prototype equipment, unclassified, and operating sometime in
    the 1970s.  Imagine classified equipment at the end of the 20th century!]

    Three channels of stimulation are available.  The pulse intensity of each
    channel can be controlled individually from the transmitter.  The pulse
    duration and repetition rate are the same for all three channels.

    Encephalographic (EEG) Telemetry

    A miniature FM-FM amplfier-transmitter combination and telemetry receiver
    are used for this purpose.  (1) The transmitting circuitry, carried by
    the subject, consists of an EEG amplifier with a gain of 100, input imped-
    ance of 2 megohms, frequency response from 2 to 200 Hz, and a voltage-
    controlled oscillator (VCO) for each channel.  The VCO operates in one of
    the frequency bands assigned for subcarrier oscillators by the IRIG stan-
    dards.

    In these studies, a three-channel system was used which operated on IRIG
    channels (Delgado & Hamlin, 1962; Delgado & Mir, in press; Fonberg and
    Delgado, 1961).  The outputs of all three subcarrier oscillators were
    summed and connected to the single RF transmitter module.

    The miniaturized RF transmitter operates at 216 MHz and it's range is
    50 to 200 feet, depending on the environment.  The size of the three chan-
    nel unit, including the battery, is 4.5 cm x 4.5 cm x 1.5 cm and it weighs
    50 grams.

    The signals from the depth electrodes are received by the amplifier.  The
    output signal of the amplifier controls the frequency of the subcarrier
    oscillator, and the oscillator output in turn controls the frequency of
    the transmitter.

    (2) After amplification of the received signal from the transmitter has
    been demodulated, the composit subcarrier signals are connected to the
    inputs of the three discriminators, which then separate and demodulate
    their respective subcarriers to obtain the telemetered analog information.
    In the instrumentation used in this instance, a 100 microvolt signal at the
    input of EEG amplifier resulted in a 1-volt output from the corresponding
    discriminator in the receiver.

    The analog output signals from the receiver were connected to the inputs of
    an EEG recorder and a magnetic tape recorder..  A microphone was also
    mounted in the room with the subjects and conversation was also recorded
    along with the EEG on magnetic tape.

    [EW: So much for the idea that human implantation and MILITARY PARTICIPATION
    therein is only a myth.]

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    APPENDIX  IMP5 ... UNCLASSIFIED SATELLITE TRACKING HUMAN IMPLANT SYSTEM

    SIGHTINGS
    World's First Satellite-Tracked Human Implant Device
    Applied Digital Solutions, Inc.
    12-17-99

    Eleanor White's comments:  This article clearly shows both availability
    of technology, (the classified world has certainly had this for some time),
    and intent to produce satellite-based human tracking implants.

    Unequivocally.

    ......................................................................

    PALM BEACH, FLORIDA - Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. today announced
    that it has acquired the patent rights to a miniature digital
    transceiver - which it has named "Digital Angel" -- that can be used
    for a variety of purposes, such as providing a tamper-proof means of
    identification for enhanced e-business security, locating lost or
    missing individuals, tracking the location of valuable property and
    monitoring the medical conditions of at-risk patients.

    In the agreement signed last week, ADS acquired the right to develop
    this unique product itself for all of its applications or to sublicense
    the development of specific applications to other entities. A special
    technology group has been formed within ADS to supervise the
    development of the device.

    The implantable transceiver sends and receives data and can be
    continuously tracked by GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) technology.
    The transceiver's power supply and actuation system are unlike anything
    ever created. When implanted within a body, the device is powered
    electromechanically through the movement of muscles, and it can be
    activated either by the "wearer" or by the monitoring facility. A novel
    sensation feedback feature will even allow the wearer to control the
    device to some degree. The "smart" device is also small enough to be
    hidden inconspicuously on or within valuable personal belongings and
    priceless works of art.

    Commenting on Digital Angel's many potential applications, Richard J.
    Sullivan, Chairman and CEO of Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. (ADS),
    said: "We believe its potential for improving individual and e-business
    security and enhancing the quality of life for millions of people is
    virtually limitless. Although we're in the early developmental phase,
    we expect to come forward with applications in many different areas,
    from medical monitoring to law enforcement. However, in keeping with
    our core strengths in the e-business to business arena, we plan to
    focus our initial development efforts on the growing field of
    e-commerce security and user ID verification."

    Sullivan added that the multi-purpose technology would enable ADS to
    tap into a vast global market, through licensing and other commercial
    arrangements, with an estimated total value in excess of $100 billion.
    "The e-business to business security market alone could reach as high
    as $10 to $12 billion in the near future," Sullivan added.

    ADS is actively seeking joint venture partners to help develop and
    market the unique technology. The company expects to create a working
    prototype by the end of next year.

    Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. is an e-business to business solutions
    provider offering Internet, telecom, LAN and software services to a
    wide variety of businesses throughout North America. For more
    information, visit the Company's web site at:

    http://www.adsx.com

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    POSTCRIPT

    Advances in neuroscience 'may threaten human rights'
    Nature Magazine - January 22, 1998

    Paris.  Neuroscience is being increasingly recognized as posing a
    potential threat to human rights, just as another area of biology --
    research in human genomics -- may lead to an excessive focus on
    genetic determinism and raises the spectre of genetic discrimination.
    This was one of the conclusions to emerge from the annual public
    meeting of the French national bioethics committee held last week in
    Paris on the theme of 'Science and Racism'.

    Jean-Pierre Changeux, the chairman of the committee and a
    neuroscientist at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, told the meeting
    that understanding the working of the human brain is likely to become
    one of the most ambitious and rich disciplines of the future.

    "But neuroscience also poses potential risks", he said, arguing that
    advances in cerebral imaging make the scope for invasion of privacy
    immense. Although the equipment needed is still highly specialized,
    it will become commonplace and capable of being used at a distance,
    he predicted. That will open the way for abuses such as invasion of
    personal liberty, control of behaviour and brainwashing. These are
    far from being science-fiction concerns, said Changeux, and
    constitute "a serious risk to society".

    Denis Le Bihan, a researcher at the French Atomic Energy Commission,
    told the meeting that the use of imaging techniques has reached the
    stage where "we can almost read people's thoughts".

    The national bioethics committee is taking such threats so seriously
    that it is launching a study to consider the issues and recommend
    possible precautions. The study will also cover more immediate issues
    such as the legal question of whether criminals are responsible for
    their actions; Changeux predicts an increase in defence arguments
    based on irresponsibility due to a genetic predisposition to certain
    types of behaviour.

    In closing the meeting, Claude Allegre, the minister for national
    education, research and technology, hinted at the creation of a
    revamped parliamentary office of technology assessment, arguing that
    the national bioethics committee's approach in the life sciences
    needed to be applied to other areas of science.

    Declan Butler
    Nature; Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1998
    Registered No. 785998 England.

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    ===========================================================================

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