## US Patent Index for MCF

> US Patent Home

> > I just found out that if you download Quick Time and you browse these patents at the site there are pictures that go along with the patents. They are in tiff format which is a mac graphic. So if you want to see the graphics and the full documentation of the patent. I would suggest that you get Quick Time. It's for both Mac's and PC's just make sure you download the correct version for you computer.

> You can read here about the classes of patents to help in your research. Classes of Patents

> RE36,348 Method and apparatus for changing brain wave frequency

> #### Abstract

> A method for changing brain wave frequency to a desired frequency determines a current brain wave frequency of a user, generates two frequencies with a frequency difference of a magnitude between that of the current actual brain wave frequency and the desired frequency but always within a predetermined range of the current actual brain wave frequency, and produces an output to the user corresponding to the two frequencies. One apparatus to accomplish the method has a computer processor, a computer memory, EEG electrodes along with an amplifier, a programmable timing generator responsive to the computer processor for generating the two frequencies, audio amplifiers and a beat frequency generator driving a visual frequency amplifier.

> Method and apparatus for changing brain wave frequency

> #### Abstract

> A method for changing brain wave frequency to a desired frequency determines a current brain wave frequency of a user, generates two frequencies with a frequency difference of a magnitude between that of the current actual brain wave frequency and the desired frequency but always within a predetermined range of the current actual brain wave frequency, and produces an output to the user corresponding to the two frequencies. One apparatus to accomplish the method has a computer processor, a computer memory, EEG electrodes along with an amplifier, a programmable timing generator responsive to the computer processor for generating the two frequencies, audio amplifiers and a beat frequency generator driving a visual frequency amplifier.
> NOTE: This seems to be the same as above but with more information.

> 3,951,134 Apparatus and method for remotely monitoring and altering brain waves

> #### Abstract

> Apparatus for and method of sensing brain waves at a position remote from a subject whereby electromagnetic signals of different frequencies are simultaneously transmitted to the brain of the subject in which the signals interfere with one another to yield a waveform which is modulated by the subject's brain waves. The interference waveform which is representative of the brain wave activity is re-transmitted by the brain to a receiver where it is demodulated and amplified. The demodulated waveform is then displayed for visual viewing and routed to a computer for further processing and analysis. The demodulated waveform also can be used to produce a compensating signal which is transmitted back to the brain to effect a desired change in electrical activity therein.

> 3,980,051 Range triggered animal training system

> #### Abstract

> A system for teaching a pet, such as a dog, not to wander beyond a predetermined distance includes a dog whistle triggered by an ultrasonic ranging system. An ultrasonic pulse transmitter worn by the master produces a repetitive signal at a first superaudible frequency which is repeated by an ultrasonic transponder worn by the pet. This second frequency is received at the master. The pulse width is chosen to correspond to the time for sound to travel the predetermined distance in a round trip between the master and pet. If no pulse is received at the trailing edge of the transmitter pulse, a third frequency, in the nature of a dog whistle is transmitted from the master to signal the pet to return and to provide a homing signal therefor.

> 3,983,483 Communications device arranged to be worn in intimate contact with the body of a user

> #### Abstract

> A communications device arranged to be worn in intimate contact with the body of a user and without interference with bodily movements includes a radio transmitter and receiver for communicating with a remote station. The transmitter includes means arranged therewith and operative in conjunction with the body of the user for providing a relatively high transmitting frequency range. The device is miniaturized so as to provide predetermined transmitting and receiving circuit characteristics and is encapsulated so as to be essentially floatable, resilient and waterproof whereby it is rendered suitable outdoor activities such as sports and the like.

> 4,019,518 Electrical stimulation system

> #### Abstract

> An electrical stimulation system for selectively stimulating portions of the body. The system includes an external device for alternately transmitting stimulus signals and control signals to an implantable receiver. The receiver includes a plurality of output devies adapted to apply the stimulus signals to the body and circuitry for routing the stimulus signal to the output devices under the control of the control signals. In a preferred embodiment, the control signals are formed of an alterably preselected number of pulse signals with the routing circuitry routing each of the stimulus signals to the output devices in predetermined correspondance with the number of pulse signals within a different one of the control signals. The system of the present invention may be employed to sequentially stimulate several stimulation sites, with the stimulation sites being selected to combat the same or different body disfunctions. Alternatively, the system of the present invention may be employed to repetitively stimulate the same stimulation sites while allowing an alteration in the stimulation sites to combat nerve fatigue or to provide a more effective electrode configuration, for example.

> 4,024,875 Device for non-invasive programming of implanted body stimulators

> #### Abstract

> A device for the non-invasive programming of an implantable body stimulator. The device includes a power supply and circuitry for generating and transmitting a preselected number of pulses of radio frequency energy. A push-button switch initiates the operation of the pulse-generating circuitry and the power supply is enabled only during an interval of predetermined duration following the initiating of operation of the pulse-generating circuitry. In a preferred embodiment, the power supply includes a power source, such as batteries, and a voltage regulator for establishing a substantially constant supply voltage for all power source voltages above a preselected level. The device may include circuitry for indicating the establishment of the substantially constant supply voltage as well as circuitry for preventing the transmission of any programming pulses upon a failure to establish the substantially constant supply voltage level. The transmitted pulses may be employed to alter an output parameter of any implanted body stimulator and is described with reference to an alteration in the repetition rate of an implanted cardiac pacemaker.

> 4,034,741 Noise generator and transmitter

> #### Abstract

> An analgesic noise generator employs a circuit that can be switched to provide a variable waveform from an active noise source out of an integrated circuit amplifier.

> 4,049,004 Implantable digital cardiac pacer having externally selectible operating parameters and "one shot" digital pulse generator for use therein

> #### Abstract

> An implantable cardiac pacer is instructable to vary the stimulation pulse interval, the stimulation pulse width, the stimulation pulse amplitude, the pacer sensitivity, the refractory period and the mode (demand or asynchronous). A master parameter control circuit is provided to vary selected parameters of the heart pacer in accordance with an externally applied control signal. An external control unit produces two sequential series of pulses, the first series being an access comprising at least one digital "0" state which must be detected by an access code detecting circuit within the master parameter control before the following parameter code will be accepted to vary the pacer parameters. The parameter code, generated subsequently to the access code, determines the selected set of pacer parameters, and can be selected from external controls upon the external control unit. The master parameter control circuit includes means for recognizing the access code to enable the master parameter control circuit to only thereafter accept the selected parameter code. The entire parameter code must then be entirely received prior to changing the pacer parameters.

> 4,088,094 Tread drum for animals

> #### Abstract

> A tread drum for animals, such as primates, includes a cylindrical housing mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis of revolution and having a cylindrical treadway portion on which the animal treads while the drum is rotated by means of a motorized drive. The treadway portion of the drum includes an electrode structure incorporated therein, with sectors thereof being independently energizable by means of a commutator and source of potential so that an electrical shock station is created behind a running-in-place station on the moving treadway. In this manner, if the animal should fall behind its running-in-place station, it may be shocked by treading on the energized electrode structure. One end of the tread drum comprises a transparent wall for unobstructed viewing of the animal being exercised.

> 4,140,997 Brain wave responsive programmable electronic visual display systems

> #### Abstract

> The present invention provides electronic visual display systems which operate on an input signal to provide visual outputs having patterns, colors and motions which may be varied in accordance with a predetermined scheme. The amplitude, tempo and frequency content of the input signals are used in a variety of logical selection functions to control the color, pattern and motion of lights in a visual display matrix having three dimensional properties in a manner influenced by the contents of programmed memory components. The memory component programming is sufficiently flexible to provide a variety of visual effects from the systems. Systems of this type for displaying both audio input signals and brain wave input signals are provided.

> 4,180,013 Animal behavioral control device

> #### Abstract

> An animal behavioral control device having a microphone responsive to both ambient noise around the animal and to emitted sound from the animal such as barking for extending an electrical signal corresponding only to the emitted sound and a vibrating apparatus being activated in the presence of the electrical signal for vibrating the area of the animal's neck nearest the vocal cords to cause the animal to be distracted either in a first range of preferred vibration in a first embodiment of the invention, or to swallow in a second range of preferred vibration in a second embodiment of the invention thereby substantially preventing the animal from emitting the barking sound.

> 4,191,175 Method and apparatus for repetitively producing a noise-like audible signal

> #### Abstract

> A digital pulse generator and shift register repetitively produce bursts of digital pulses at a first adjustable repetition frequency. The repetition frequency of the pulses in each burst is also adjustable. A pink noise filter accentuates the lower burst frequency components near 7 hz and substantially attenuates all frequency components of the bursts above a first cut-off point near 10 Khz. A tunable band pass amplifier having a center frequency adjustable over a preselected range of frequencies optimally detectable by the average human ear accentuates the pink noise filter output near 2.6 Khz. The tunable amplifier drives an audible signal source with noise-like pulses of varying amplitudes and frequency components. A low pass amplifier may be connected to the pink noise filter to generate a train of pulses having a repetition frequency near 7 hz which pulses a light source in synchronism with the audible noise-like signal.

> 4,202,293 Dog training collars and methods

> #### Abstract

> In order to train a dog not to bark, a device attached to the dog's collar emits a characteristic sound whenever he barks, which sound may be accompanied on some occasions by a light electrical shock acting to condition the dog to dislike the sound more than he otherwise would.

> 4,305,402 Method for transcutaneous electrical stimulation

> #### Abstract

> A method and apparatus for monitoring and obtaining actual bio-electrical characteristics of a subject, such as EEG, or determinants of the psycho-electro-physiological state of the subject, under predetermined conditions of evoked response stimuli, and by interaction with a computer, apply cutaneous electrical stimulation to the subject, using a signal generator to modify current amplitude and frequency in a direction to achieve bio-electrical characteristics in the subject related to the actual bio-electrical characteristics monitored. The signal generator may have an output of several frequencies simultaneously, and uses a sinusoidal waveform output, with battery power passed through a transformer to power a transconductance amplifier to obtain constant current output despite resistance changes in the line with the subject, and with the transformer not placed in the signal path of the sinusoidal waveform.

> 4,335,682 Animal training apparatus

> #### Abstract

> A unit adapted to be worn by a dog or other animal acts under the control of a remote control unit to produce stimuli including an aversive electrical stimulus followed by a characteristic sound or other second stimulus in a relation conditioning the animal to have safety, relief and relaxation responses to that second stimulus. A different sound or other third stimulus is preferably produced just prior to the onset of the aversive electrical stimulation, and becomes a conditioned warning stimulus to the animal. The remote control unit is actuable to cause production of these three different stimuli in sequence, to condition the sounds to the desired responses, and after such conditioning can produce the two sounds independently and without aversive electrical stimulation to control the animal's behavior and facilitate training of the animal.

> 4,335,710 Device for the induction of specific brain wave patterns

> #### Abstract

> Brain wave patterns associated with relaxed and meditative states in a subject are gradually induced without deleterious chemical or neurological side effects. A white noise generator (11) has the spectral noise density of its output signal modulated in a manner similar to the brain wave patterns by a switching transistor (18) within a spectrum modulator (12). The modulated white noise signal is amplified by output amplifier (13) and converted to an audio signal by acoustic transducer (14). Ramp generator (16) gradually increases the voltage received by and resultant output frequency of voltage controlled oscillator (17) whereby switching transistor (18) periodically shunts the high frequency components of the white noise signal to ground.

> 4,344,440 Microprobe for monitoring biophysical phenomena associated with cardiac and neural activity

> #### Abstract

> A portable microprobe uses 10 gigahertz CW microwave radiation at a power level of less than 10 milliwatts for recording of a number of biophysical phenomena associated with the cardiac and neural activity of the life system. The microprobe consists of a Gunn diode feeding power into a short, insulated dielectric waveguide, the free end of which houses a point contact semiconductor diode isolated by a metal shield from the incident beam. The wave guide concentrates and delivers a pencil shaped beam into the tissue of interest and the back-scattered radiation is modulated and detected by the diode. The detected signal is filtered, amplified and recorded to reflect on-going biological activity. The receiver electronics is housed in a small self-contained package and has its output connected through a flexible attachment to two ear tubes which enable continuous monitoring of the audio response through an electrical and audio converter indicative of the on-going biological activity. By scanning step wise across the chest, the microprobe allows localization of many details of cardiac activity. The microprobe can also be used to monitor activities of the brain and the spinal cord.

> 4,395,259 Device for the infusion of fluids into the human or animal body

> #### Abstract

> An exemplary embodiment comprises a metering device which can be worn on the body or which is preferably implantable in the body, the metering device exhibiting a delivery unit for the dosed delivery of the fluid from a supply container to a discharge aperture of a catheter and also exhibiting an appertaining operating circuit, and an external control and programming device. The operating circuit in the metering device and the control circuit in the control device can be inductively coupled for operational signal transmission, to which end at least one transmission coil is present in the control device and at least one reception coil is present in the metering device. Given implanted devices, it is the object of the disclosure to guarantee the highest degree of patient security. For function monitoring of operating parameters of the metering device the metering device exhibits a transmitter whose signals can be received in a receiver outside of the patient's body and, under certain conditions, can be evaluated. In addition to pure function monitoring, an acknowledgement of signals as well as an answerback of the value of one or more operating parameters is possible.

> 4,395,600 Auditory subliminal message system and method

> #### Abstract

> Ambient audio signals from the customer shopping area within a store are sensed and fed to a signal processing circuit that produces a control signal which varies with variations in the amplitude of the sensed audio signals. A control circuit adjusts the amplitude of an auditory subliminal anti-shoplifting message to increase with increasing amplitudes of sensed audio signals and decrease with decreasing amplitudes of sensed audio signals. This amplitude controlled subliminal message may be mixed with background music and transmitted to the shopping area. To reduce distortion of the subliminal message, its amplitude is controlled to increase at a first rate slower than the rate of increase of the amplitude of ambient audio signals from the area. Also, the amplitude of the subliminal message is controlled to decrease at a second rate faster than the first rate with decreasing ambient audio signal amplitudes to minimize the possibility of the subliminal message becoming supraliminal upon rapid declines in ambient audio signal amplitudes in the area. A masking signal is provided with an amplitude which is also controlled in response to the amplitude of sensed ambient audio signals. This masking signal may be combined with the auditory subliminal message to provide a composite signal fed to, and controlled by, the control circuit.

> 4,503,863 Method and apparatus for transcutaneous electrical stimulation

> #### Abstract

> A method and apparatus for monitoring and obtaining actual bio-electrical characteristics of a subject under predetermined conditions of evoked response stimuli, and by interaction with a computer, applying cutaneous electrical stimulation to the subject, using a signal generator to modify current amplitude and frequency in a direction to achieve bio-electrical characteristics in the subject related to the actual bio-electrical characteristics monitored. The signal generator uses a sinusoidal waveform output, with battery power passed through a transformer to power a transconductance amplifier to obtain constant current output despite resistance changes in the line with the subject, and with the transformer not placed in the signal path of the sinusoidal waveform. The signal may be obtained from a sinusoidal oscillator of wide frequency having switched integrator sections connected to an inverting amplifier, pulse generator and gating.

> 4,508,105 Shadow generating apparatus

> #### Abstract

> Disclosed is an apparatus for inducing various brain wave patterns through visual stimulation. The apparatus comprises a pair of spectacles or other viewing apparatus having a liquid crystal display embedded in each lens. By repetitively activating and deactivating the liquid crystals, shadows are generated which are perceived by the subject individual wearing the viewing apparatus. Responding to the frequency of shadow generation, the subject's brain is thereby induced to generate sympathetic brain wave frequencies. The apparatus finds particular utility in the generation of alpha waves. Because learning is enhanced when the brain is in the alpha state, activities such as listening to tapes or lectures and the like can be carried out with greater facility. Shadow generation is accomplished through the use of a timing mechanism for each liquid crystal display and the frequency for each is adjustable over a wide range, permitting synchronous or asynchronous timing

> 4,616,261 Method and apparatus for generating subliminal visual messages

> #### Abstract

> A system for generating a subliminal message during the display of a normal television program on a television receiver utilizes a personal computer to generate an RF carrier modulated with video signals encoding the subliminal message. The computer runs under the control of an application program which stores the subliminal message and also controls the computer to cause it to generate timing signals that are provided to a single pole double-throw switch. The source of the normal television program and the video output of the computer are connected to the two switch inputs and the switch output is connected to the television receiver antenna system. The timing signals cause the switch to normally display the conventional television program and to periodically switch to the computer output to generate the subliminal message. The video output of the computer includes horizontal and vertical synchronizing signals which are of substantially the same frequency as the synchronizing signals incorporated within the normal program source but of an arbitrary phase.

> 4,652,261 Drug-injection animal capture collar

> #### Abstract

> A drug-injection animal collar includes electrically operated drug injection darts or syringes that are controlled by control circuitry mounted on the collar which may be preset and self-timed and actuated, or may be remotely actuated by radio signals. The collar is placed on the neck of an animal and upon receipt of a signal, a suitable drug is injected into the neck muscles of the animal. The collar and its method of operation allow regular recapture of individual animals at will for research purposes. The collar and darts may be reconditioned and then reused. The power for operation is also contained in the control package carried by the collar.

> 4,686,605 Method and apparatus for altering a region in the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere

> #### Abstract

> A method and apparatus for altering at least one selected region which normally exists above the earth's surface. The region is excited by electron cyclotron resonance heating to thereby increase its charged particle density. In one embodiment, circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation is transmitted upward in a direction substantially parallel to and along a field line which extends through the region of plasma to be altered. The radiation is transmitted at a frequency which excites electron cyclotron resonance to heat and accelerate the charged particles. This increase in energy can cause ionization of neutral particles which are then absorbed as part of the region thereby increasing the charged particle density of the region.

> 4,717,343 Method of changing a person's behavior

> #### Abstract

> A method of conditioning a person's unconscious mind in order to effect a desired change in the person's behavior which does not require the services of a trained therapist. Instead the person to be treated views a program of video pictures appearing on a screen. The program as viewed by the person's unconscious mind acts to condition the person's thought patterns in a manner which alters that person's behavior in a positive way.
> SOURCE: Judy Wall, Mike Coyle and Jan Wiesemann. Paranoia Magazine Issue 24 Fall 2000 -Article -'Technology to Your Mind' - By Judy Wall

> 4,777,529 Auditory subliminal programming system

> #### Abstract

> An auditory subliminal programming system includes a subliminal message encoder that generates fixed frequency security tones and combines them with a subliminal message signal to produce an encoded subliminal message signal which is recorded on audio tape or the like. A corresponding subliminal decoder/mixer is connected as part of a user's conventional stereo system and receives as inputs an audio program selected by the user and the encoded subliminal message. The decoder/mixer filters the security tones, if present, from the subliminal message and combines the message signals with selected low frequency signals associated with enhanced relaxation and concentration to produce a composite auditory subliminal signal. The decoder/mixer combines the composite subliminal signal with the selected audio program signals to form composite signals only if it detects the presence of the security tones in the subliminal message signal. The decoder/mixer outputs the composite signal to the audio inputs of a conventional audio amplifier where it is amplified and broadcast by conventional audio speakers.

> 4,800,893 Kinesthetic physical movement feedback display for controlling the nervous system of a living organism

> #### Abstract

> A method and system for providing as a biofeedback signal a visual display showing kinesthetic physical movement to enable a subject to produce desired thought patterns. Sensors or electrodes are connected to the subject at one or more topological locations. The signals detected by the sensors are input to a conventional EEG device. The EEG output is processed into one or more analog voltage signals. These analog signals are input to a computer which generates a video display and audio if desired. The image on the display depicts kinesthetic physical movement as a function of the analog voltage.

> 4,821,326 Non-audible speech generation method and apparatus

> #### Abstract

> A non-audible speech generation apparatus and method for producing non-audible speech signals which includes an ultrasonic transducer or vibrator for projecting a series of glottal shaped ultrasonic pulses to the vocal track of a speaker. The glottal pulses, in the approximate frequency spectrum extending from fifteen kilohertz to one hundred five kilohertz, contain harmonics of approximately 30 times the frequency of the acoustical harmonics generated by the vocal cords, but which may nevertheless be amplitude modulated to produce non-audible speech by the speaker's silently mouthing of words. The ultrasonic speech is then received by an ultrasonic detector disposed outside of the speaker's mouth and electrically communicated to a translation device which down converts the ultrasonic signals to corresponding signals in the audible frequency range and synthesizes the signals into artificial speech.

> 4,858,612 Hearing device

> #### Abstract

> A method and apparatus for simulation of hearing in mammals by introduction of a plurality of microwaves into the region of the auditory cortex is shown and described. A microphone is used to transform sound signals into electrical signals which are in turn analyzed and processed to provide controls for generating a plurality of microwave signals at different frequencies. The multifrequency microwaves are then applied to the brain in the region of the auditory cortex. By this method sounds are perceived by the mammal which are representative of the original sound received by the microphone.

> 4,877,027 Hearing system

> #### Abstract

> Sound is induced in the head of a person by radiating the head with microwaves in the range of 100 megahertz to 10,000 megahertz that are modulated with a particular waveform. The waveform consists of frequency modulated bursts. Each burst is made up of ten to twenty uniformly spaced pulses grouped tightly together. The burst width is between 500 nanoseconds and 100 microseconds. The pulse width is in the range of 10 nanoseconds to 1 microsecond. The bursts are frequency modulated by the audio input to create the sensation of hearing in the person whose head is irradiated.

> 4,889,526 Non-invasive method and apparatus for modulating brain signals through an external magnetic or electric field to reduce pain

> #### Abstract

> This invention incorporates the discovery of new principles which utilize magnetic and electric fields generated by time varying square wave currents of precise repetition, width, shape and magnitude to move through coils and cutaneously applied conductive electrodes in order to stimulate the nervous system and reduce pain in humans. Timer means, adjustment means, and means to deliver current to the coils and conductive electrodes are described, as well as a theoretical model of the process. The invention incorporates the concept of two cyclic expanding an collapsing magnetic fields which generate precise wave forms in conjunction with each other to create a beat frequency which in turn causes the ion flow in the nervous system of the human body to be efficiency moved along the nerve path where the locus of the pain exists to thereby reduce the pain. The wave forms are create either in one or more coils, one or more pairs of electrodes, or a combination of the two.

> 4,940,058 Cryogenic remote sensing physiograph

> #### Abstract

> Apparatus and method for remotely detecting super-low frequency (SLF) and extremely-low frequency (ELF) signals eminating from human subjects. The SLF/ELF signals are composed of various wavelengths and amplitudes which correspond to the subjects internal physiological processes. The apparatus includes: a supercooled multi-plate arrayed antenna for detecting the SLF/ELF signals; an analog signal conditioner unit adapted to filter out signals having a frequency of greater than 40 Hertz; and a digital signal processor unit adapted to perform Fast Fourier Transform and autocorrelation signal analyses for separating signal wavelengths and amplitudes which correspond to the internal physiological processes and represent EKG, EEG, EMG, EOG and respiration measurements.

> 4,924,744 Apparatus for generating sound through low frequency and noise modulation

> #### Abstract

> In an apparatus for generating sound, there are provided a plurality of channels for generating sounds. Each of the channels includes a memory for storing waveform data, and at least one of the channels includes a noise generator so that various kinds of sounds including rhythm sound-effects sound, effects sound-vibrato etc. are generated. There is further provided a controller by which voice sound signal is passed through the channels so that artificial sound, voice sound etc. are generated. There is still further provided a circuit for adjusting an amplitude level of a whole sound which is obtained by mixing output sounds of the channels so that far and near sound is produced. Further, each of the channels includes left and right attenuators which divide a channel sound into left and right channel sounds. Still further, the apparatus comprises a low frequency oscillator for controlling a depth of frequency modulation, and a controller for writing sampling data of a predetermined waveform into serial addresses of a memory.

> 4,958,638 Non-contact vital signs monitor

> #### Abstract

> An apparatus for measuring simultaneous physiological parameters such as heart rate and respiration without physically connecting electrodes or other sensors to the body. A beam of frequency modulated continuous wave radio frequency energy is directed towards the body of a subject. The reflected signal contains phase information representing the movement of the surface of the body, from which respiration and heartbeat information can be obtained. The reflected phase modulated energy is received and demodulated by the apparatus using synchronous quadrature detection. The quadrature signals so obtained are then signal processed to obtain the heartbeat and respiratory information of interest.

> 5,017,143 Method and apparatus for producing subliminal images

> #### Abstract

> A method and apparatus to produce more effective visual subliminal communications. Graphic and/or text images, presented for durations of less than a video frame, at organized rhythmic intervals, the rhythmic intervals intended to affect user receptivity, moods or behavior. Subliminal graphic images having translucent visual values locally dependent on background values in order to maintain desired levels of visual contrast.

> 5,027,208 Therapeutic subliminal imaging system

> #### Abstract

> A therapeutic subliminal imaging system wherein a selected subliminal message is synchronized with and added to an existing video signal containing a supraliminal message. A television receiver or video recorder can be used to provide the supraliminal message and a video processing circuit varies the intensity of that perceptible message to incorporate one or more subliminal images.

> 5,047,994 Supersonic bone conduction hearing aid and method

> #### Abstract

> A supersonic bone conduction hearing aid that receives conventional audiometric frequencies and converts them to supersonic frequencies for connection to the human sensory system by vibration bone conduction. The hearing is believed to use channels of communications to the brain that are not normally used for hearing. These alternative channels do not deteriorate significantly with age as does the normal hearing channels. The supersonic bone conduction frequencies are discerned as frequencies in the audiometric range of frequencies.

> 5,052,401 Product detector for a steady visual evoked potential stimulator and product detector

> #### Abstract

> An automated visual testing system is disclosed which presents an alternating steady state visual stimulus to a patient through an optical system that modifies the stimulus image. As the image changes, the patient produces evoked potentials that change. The evoked potentials are detected by a product detector which produces the amplitude of the evoked potentials. The product detector includes filters which isolate the patient's evoked potentials, a modulator which detects the response using the stimulus source frequency and a demodulator that determines the amplitude of the response. The product detector detects the level of the steady state evoked potential signals even in the presence of substantial background noise and extraneous electroencephalograhic signals. These detectors can be used to monitor the evoked potential produced by visual, aural or somatic steady state stimuli. The components described above can be used to produce a system that can determine to which of several different displays an observer is paying attention by providing images that blink at different frequencies and product detectors for each of the stimulus frequencies. The product detector producing the highest output indicates the display upon which the observer is focused.

> 5,123,899 Method and system for altering consciousness

> #### Abstract

> A system for altering the states of human consciousness involves the simultaneous application of multiple stimuli, preferable sounds, having differing frequencies and wave forms. The relationship between the frequencies of the several stimuli is exhibited by the equation g=s.sup.n/4 .multidot.f where: f=frequency of one stimulus; g=frequency of the other stimuli of stimulus; and n=a positive or negative integer which is different for each other stimulus.
> SOURCE: Judy Wall, Mike Coyle and Jan Wiesemann. Paranoia Magazine Issue 24 Fall 2000 -Article -'Technology to Your Mind' - By Judy Wall

> 5,128,765 System for implementing the synchronized superimposition of subliminal signals

> #### Abstract

> An apparatus and system for the controlled delivery of a subliminal video and/or audio message on to a source signal from a video tape player or similar. The source signal is divided into audio and video portions. A video processor reads sychronization information from the source signal. A controller transmits a stored subliminal image at designated times to a mixer amplifier fully synchronized with the source signal. Concurrently, an audio subliminal message is applied to the source audio at a volume level regulated at some fraction to the source audio. The combined signals are transmitted to a monitor for undistracted viewing.

> 5,134,484 Superimposing method and apparatus useful for subliminal messages

> #### Abstract

> Data to be displayed is combined with a composite video signal. The data is stored in a memory in digital form. Each byte of the data is read out in sequential fashion to determine: the recurrence display rate of the data according to the frame sync pulses of the video signal; the location of the data within the video image according to the line sync pulses of the video signal; and the location of the data display within the video image according to the position information. Synchronization of the data with the video image is derived from the sync pulses of the composite video signal. A similar technique is employed to combine sound data with an audio signal. Data to be displayed may be presented as a subliminal message or may persist for a given time interval. The data may be derived from a variety of sources including a prerecorded or live video signal. The message may be a reminder message displayed upon a television screen to remind the viewer of an appointment. The data may be stored in a variety of different memory devices capable of high speed data retrieval. The data may be generated locally on-line or off-line and transferred to memory which stores the data necessary to create the message.

> 5,159,703 Silent subliminal presentation system

> #### Abstract

> A silent communications system in which nonaural carriers, in the very low or very high audio frequency range or in the adjacent ultrasonic frequency spectrum, are amplitude or frequency modulated with the desired intelligence and propagated acoustically or vibrationally, for inducement into the brain, typically through the use of loudspeakers, earphones or piezoelectric transducers. The modulated carriers may be transmitted directly in real time or may be conveniently recorded and stored on mechanical, magnetic or optical media for delayed or repeated transmission to the listener.

> 5,170,381 Method for mixing audio subliminal recordings

> #### Abstract

> Audio subliminal recordings are made in which in addition to using a primary carrier, such as music, two audio channels are used to deliver subliminal messages to the brain. On one channel, accessing the left brain hemisphere, the message delivered is meaningfully spoken, forward-masked, permissive affirmations delivered in a round-robin manner by a male voice, a female voice and a child's voice. On the other channel, accessing the right brain, directive messages, in the same voices, are recorded in backward-masked (or meta-contrast). The three voices are recording in round-robin fashion with full echo reverberation. The audio tracks are mixed using a special processor which converts sound frequencies to electrical impulses and tracks the subliminal message to synchronize the subliminal message in stereo with the primary carrier. The processor maintains constant gain differential between the primary carrier and the subliminal verbiage and, with the subliminal verbiage being recorded with round-robin, full echo reverberation, ensures that none of a message is lost. The primary carrier should be continuous music without breaks or great differences in movements.

> 5,175,571 Glasses with subliminal message

> #### Abstract

> A pair of subliminal imaging spectacles is provided with a matched pair of visual subliminal images designed and placed so as to merge into one image due to the stereoscopic effect of human vision and thus to impart a subliminal message to the wearer.

> 5,194,008 Subliminal image modulation projection and detection system and method

> #### Abstract

> Weapon training simulation system including a computer operated video display scene whereon is projected a plurality of visual targets. The computer controls the display scene and the targets, whether stationary or moving, and processes data of a point of aim sensor apparatus associated with a weapon operated by a trainee. The sensor apparatus is sensitive to non-visible or subliminal modulated areas having a controlled contrast of brightness between the target scene and the targets. The sensor apparatus locates a specific subliminal modulated area and the computer determines the location of a target image on the display scene with respect to the sensor apparatus

> 5,213,562 Method of inducing mental, emotional and physical states of consciousness, including specific mental activity, in human beings

> #### Abstract

> A method having applicability in replication of desired consciousness states; in the training of an individual to replicate such a state of consciousness without further audio stimulation; and in the transferring of such states from one human being to another through the imposition of one individual's EEG, superimposed on desired stereo signals, on another individual, by inducement of a binaural beat phenomenon.

> 5,215,468 Method and apparatus for introducing subliminal changes to audio stimuli

> #### Abstract

> A method and apparatus for introducing gradual changes to an audio signal so that the changes are subliminal. The changes can involve tempo and volume, for example, and can take the form of a gentle gradient having ever increasing/decreasing ramp-like changes over a sufficient duration, or a more complex program involving several gentle gradients. In the preferred embodiment, an enhanced audio play-back device such as a portable audio cassette recorder can be programmed to subliminally alter the characteristics of a standard pre-recorded tape containing music, for example. As a motivational tool during walking, jogging or other repetitive exercise, the tempo is gradually increased over a period of time to encourage a corresponding gradual (and subliminal) increase in physical exertion by a user whose rate of movement is proportional to the tempo of the music. The tempo can be either manually changed in conjunction with a subliminal program, or by itself in an override mode, or by itself in a version of the present-inventive audio play-back device which allows only manual tempo alternation. In an alternate embodiment, a special pre-recorded tape contains subliminal changes in tempo, for example, for play-back on a standard audio cassette recorder (which operates at one speed, only) to cause the same effect as the preferred embodiment.

> 5,221,962 Subliminal device having manual adjustment of perception level of subliminal messages

> #### Abstract

> A method and apparatus for presenting subliminal visual and/or audio messages which allows user verification of message content and presence, as well as proper adjustment of message obviousness while accounting for ambient conditions and user sensitivities is disclosed. This method and apparatus also presents synchronized reinforced sensory input of subliminal messages. This is performed by simultaneously overlaying images received from a VCR over a plurality of television signals. This apparatus directs overlay images over RF television signals having both audio and video components.

> 5,224,864 Method of recording and reproducing subliminal signals that are 180 degrees out of phase

> #### Abstract

> A subliminal recording includes both subliminal message and mask signals applied to both tracks of a two track recording medium. The subliminal message signals are identical in content, and are recorded in an out-of-phase relationship. The mask signals are recorded in phase. The resulting recording may be utilized in the conventional manner for subliminal recordings. By combining the composite signals in an inverted relationship, the mask signals cancel while the subliminal message signals are additive, thus allowing the presence of the subliminal message signal to be confirmed on the recording.

> 5,245,666 Personal subliminal messaging system

> #### Abstract

> A personal subliminal messaging system includes a wide range linear subliminal modulator (43), a digital audio recording or play device (46), a microphone (51) to pick up the sound at the ear, and an earpiece (50) to deliver the subliminal message. The sound level at the user's ear is detected and measured. After risetime and decay conditioning of the varying dc control signal, the wide range linear modulator (43) uses this signal to control the level of the message to the earpiece (50). The user adjusts the system for a liminal of a subliminal level. The psychoacoustic phenomena of Post Masking is used to increase the integrity of the message in subliminal messaging systems.

> 5,270,800 Subliminal message generator

> #### Abstract

> A combined subliminal and supraliminal message generator for use with a television receiver permits complete control of subliminal messages and their manner of presentation. A video synchronization detector enables a video display generator to generate a video message signal corresponding to a received alphanumeric text message in synchronism with a received television signal. A video mixer selects either the received video signal or the video message signal for output. The messages produced by the video message generator are user selectable via a keyboard input. A message memory stores a plurality of alphanumeric text messages specified by user commands for use as subliminal messages. This message memory preferably includes a read only memory storing predetermined sets of alphanumeric text messages directed to differing topics. The sets of predetermined alphanumeric text messages preferably include several positive affirmations directed to the left brain and an equal number of positive affirmations directed to the right brain that are alternately presented subliminally. The left brain messages are presented in a linear text mode, while the right brain messages are presented in a three dimensional perspective mode. The user can control the length and spacing of the subliminal presentations to accommodate differing conscious thresholds. Alternative embodiments include a combined cable television converter and subliminal message generator, a combine television receiver and subliminal message generator and a computer capable of presenting subliminal messages.
> SOURCE: Judy Wall, Mike Coyle and Jan Wiesemann. Paranoia Magazine Issue 24 Fall 2000 -Article -'Technology to Your Mind' - By Judy Wall

> 5,289,438 Method and system for altering consciousness

> #### Abstract

> A system for altering the states of human consciousness involves the simultaneous application of multiple stimuli, preferable sounds, having differing frequencies and wave forms. The relationship between the frequencies of the several stimuli is exhibited by the equation g=2.sup.n/4 .multidot.f where: f=frequency of one stimulus; g=frequency of the other stimuli or stimulus; and n=a positive or negative integer which is different for each other stimulus.
> SOURCE: Judy Wall, Mike Coyle and Jan Wiesemann. Paranoia Magazine Issue 24 Fall 2000 -Article -'Technology to Your Mind' - By Judy Wall

> 5,352,181 Method and recording for producing sounds and messages to achieve Alpha and Theta brainwave states and positive emotional states in humans

> #### Abstract

> A method and recording for use in achieving Alpha and Theta brain wave states and effecting positive emotional states in humans to enhance learning and self-improvement, is provided which includes a medium having a musical composition recorded thereon with an initial tempo decreasing to a final tempo and verbal phrases, comprising between approximately 4 and approximately 8 words, recorded in synchrony with the decreasing initial tempo.

> 5,356,368 Method of and apparatus for inducing desired states of consciousness

> #### Abstract

> Improved methods and apparatus for entraining human brain patterns, employing frequency following response (FFR) techniques, facilitate attainment of desired states of consciousness. In one embodiment, a plurality of electroencephalogram (EEG) waveforms, characteristic of a given state of consciousness, are combined to yield an EEG waveform to which subjects may be susceptible more readily. In another embodiment, sleep patterns are reproduced based on observed brain patterns during portions of a sleep cycle; entrainment principles are applied to induce sleep. In yet another embodiment, entrainment principles are applied in the work environment, to induce and maintain a desired level of consciousness. A portable device also is described.

> 5,392,788 Method and device for interpreting concepts and conceptual thought from brainwave data and for assisting for diagnosis of brainwave disfunction

> #### Abstract

> A system for acquisition and decoding of EP and SP signals is provided which comprises a transducer for presenting stimuli to a subject, EEG transducers for recording brainwave signals from the subject, a computer for controlling and synchronizing stimuli presented to the subject and for concurrently recording brainwave signals, and either interpreting signals using a model for conceptual perceptional and emotional thought to correspond EEG signals to thought of the subject or comparing signals to normative EEG signals from a normative population to diagnose and locate the origin of brain dysfunctional underlying perception, conception, and emotion.

> 5,412,419 Magnetic resonance imaging compatible audio and video system

> #### Abstract

> An audio and video system that is compatible with the strong magnetic fields generated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging equipment (wherein the MRI equipment is separated by a penetration panel into a control room and a magnet room). The system receives an incoming RF signal through a television or video cassette recorder, and then separates the RF signal into a video section signal and an audio section signal. The video section signal passes through appropriate buffering, amplifying, low pass (for the procession frequency) and RF filtering circuits, and is next conducted through the penetration panel into the magnet room where it is terminated and filtered again for spurious noise. A processor and LCD pixel driver then process the video section signal and send it to an LCD display screen. A mushroom shaped hook is mounted to the screen and a catch is mounted to a bore of a main magnet inside the magnet room so that the LCD screen can be attached to the bore. The audio section signal is separated into two channels, passed through an amplifier and appropriate RF filters and chokes, and fed into a pneumatic transducer inside the magnet room. A headset having an inner set connects the output of the pneumatic transducer to the patient's ear, while an outer set covers the patient's ear to block out gradient knocking noises. In an alternate embodiment, a CCD camera is mounted inside the control room along with a microphone so that pictures and sounds from the MRI technologist can be broadcast through the present system to allow the patient to see and hear the technologist speaking. Fiber optics technology may also be incorporated into the signal conducted cables provided under this invention.

> 5,450,859 Protection of living systems from adverse effects of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields

> #### Abstract

> The disclosed embodiments of the inventions disclosed in this application develop a `protection` electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field or fields which are either superimposed upon an ambient field which is detrimental to the health of living systems, or is incorporated into the electrical circuit of the device which is generating the detrimental field. Either arrangement is successful in `confusing` living cells, and thereby reducing the harmful effects of the otherwise detrimental field.

> 5,458,142 Device for monitoring a magnetic field emanating from an organism

> #### Abstract

> A diagnostic and therapeutic instrument for use in the treatment of living organisms is provided including a sensor for detecting magnetic fields emanating from the living organism. The sensor is located proximate to the organism and is formed from a ferromagnetic core surrounded by a multi-turn fine wire coil. The sensor is coupled to signal processing which amplifies a signal from the sensor and filters out portions of the signal which represent background magnetic fields emanating from other sources. The signal from the sensor is utilizable to detect abnormalities in the field emanating from the organism indicative of the organism's well-being. The signal can also be utilized to excite a magnetic field radiator which outputs a field complementary to the field emanating from the organism.

> 5,480,374 Method and apparatus for reducing physiological stress

> #### Abstract

> Physiological stress in a human subject is treated by generating a weak electromagnetic field about a grounded electrode by the application of pulses of between 5 and 50 microseconds each at a pulse rate of between 0.5K and 10K pulses per second to a power electrode, the power electrode and grounded electrode being coupled to high voltage pulse generation means. A subject is positioned within the weak electromagnetic field for a period of time sufficient to cause an increase in his or her alpha or theta brain wave levels.

> 5,479,941 Device for inducing altered states of consciousness

> #### Abstract

> A rotating device for producing altered states of consciousness in a subject is provided. The subject's body rotates about a point in the center of the body support means at a speed between about 10 and about 60 revolutions per minute. In a preferred embodiment the direction of rotation is periodically reversed.

> 5,507,291 Method and an associated apparatus for remotely determining information as to person's emotional state

> #### Abstract

> In a method for remotely determining information relating to a person's emotional state, an waveform energy having a predetermined frequency and a predetermined intensity is generated and wirelessly transmitted towards a remotely located subject. Waveform energy emitted from the subject is detected and automatically analyzed to derive information relating to the individual's emotional state. Physiological or physical parameters of blood pressure, pulse rate, pupil size, respiration rate and perspiration level are measured and compared with reference values to provide information utilizable in evaluating interviewee's responses or possibly criminal intent in security sensitive areas.

> 5,539,705 Ultrasonic speech translator and communications system

> #### Abstract

> A wireless communication system undetectable by radio frequency methods for converting audio signals, including human voice, to electronic signals in the ultrasonic frequency range, transmitting the ultrasonic signal by way of acoustical pressure waves across a carrier medium, including gases, liquids, or solids, and reconverting the ultrasonic acoustical pressure waves back to the original audio signal. The ultrasonic speech translator and communication system (20) includes an ultrasonic transmitting device (100) and an ultrasonic receiving device (200). The ultrasonic transmitting device (100) accepts as input (115) an audio signal such as human voice input from a microphone (114) or tape deck. The ultrasonic transmitting device (100) frequency modulates an ultrasonic carrier signal with the audio signal producing a frequency modulated ultrasonic carrier signal, which is transmitted via acoustical pressure waves across a carrier medium such as gases, liquids or solids. The ultrasonic receiving device (200) converts the frequency modulated ultrasonic acoustical pressure waves to a frequency modulated electronic signal, demodulates the audio signal from the ultrasonic carrier signal, and conditions the demodulated audio signal to reproduce the original audio signal at its output (250).

> 5,551,879 Dream state teaching machine

> #### Abstract

> A device for enhancing lucidity in the dream state of an individual. The device includes electronic circuitry incorporated into a headband for the user to wear while sleeping. The circuitry includes a detector for fitting adjacent to the eye of the sleeping individual, for detecting Rapid Eye Movement (REM), which occurs during the dream state. The detector emits a signal that is evaluated by additional circuitry to determine whether or not REM sleep is occurring. If REM sleep is occurring, a signal is generated to operate a recorded, which typically plays prerecorded messages through the headphones engaging the ear of the sleeping individual.

> 5,586,967 Method and recording for producing sounds and messages to achieve alpha and theta brainwave states and positive emotional states in humans

> #### Abstract

> A method and recording for the use in achieving alpha and theta brainwave states and effecting positive emotional states in humans, is provided which includes a medium having a musical composition thereon with an initial tempo decreasing to a final tempo and verbal phrases recorded in synchrony with the decreasing tempo.

> 5,627,521 Personal microwave and radio frequency detector

> #### Abstract

> A self-contained personal microwave and RF detector, which includes, inter alia, the housing and associated electronics of a standard hearing aid, is configured to produce an audible indication to a wearer thereof in response to electromagnetic fields of dangerously high levels within predetermined frequency ranges.

> 5,629,678 Personal tracking and recovery system

> #### Abstract

> Apparatus for tracking and recovering humans utilizes an implantable transceiver incorporating a power supply and actuation system allowing the unit to remain implanted and functional for years without maintenance. The implanted transmitter may be remotely actuated, or actuated by the implantee. Power for the remote-activated receiver is generated electromechanically through the movement of body muscle. The device is small enough to be implanted in a child, facilitating use as a safeguard against kidnapping, and has a transmission range which also makes it suitable for wilderness sporting activities. A novel biological monitoring feature allows the device to be used to facilitate prompt medical dispatch in the event of heart attack or similar medical emergency. A novel sensation-feedback feature allows the implantee to control and actuate the device with certainty.

> 5,644,363 Apparatus for superimposing visual subliminal instructional materials on a video signal

> #### Abstract

> A subliminal video instructional device comprises circuitry for receiving an underlying video signal and presenting this signal to horizontal and vertical synchronization detection circuits, circuitry for generating a subliminal video message synchronized to the underlying video signal, and circuitry for adding the subliminal video message to the underlying video signal to create a combination video signal

> 5,649,061 Device and method for estimating a mental decision

> #### Abstract

> A device and method for estimating a mental decision to select a visual cue from the viewer's eye fixation and corresponding single event evoked cerebral potential. The device comprises an eyetracker, an electronic biosignal processor and a digital computer. The eyetracker determines the instantaneous viewing direction from oculometric measurements and a head position and orientation sensor. The electronic processor continually estimates the cerebral electroencephalogramic potential from scalp surface measurements following corrections for electrooculogramic, electromyogramic and electrocardiogramic artifacts. The digital computer analyzes the viewing direction data for a fixation and then extracts the corresponding single event evoked cerebral potential. The fixation properties, such as duration, start and end pupil sizes, end state (saccade or blink) and gaze fixation count, and the parametric representation of the evoked potential are all inputs to an artificial neural network for outputting an estimate of the selection interest in the gaze point of regard. The artificial neural network is trained off-line prior to application to represent the mental decisions of the viewer. The device can be used to control computerized machinery from a video display by ocular gaze point of regard alone, by determining which visual cue the viewer is looking at and then using the estimation of the task-related selection as a selector switch.

> 5,729,694 Speech coding, reconstruction and recognition using acoustics and electromagnetic waves

> #### Abstract

> The use of EM radiation in conjunction with simultaneously recorded acoustic speech information enables a complete mathematical coding of acoustic speech. The methods include the forming of a feature vector for each pitch period of voiced speech and the forming of feature vectors for each time frame of unvoiced, as well as for combined voiced and unvoiced speech. The methods include how to deconvolve the speech excitation function from the acoustic speech output to describe the transfer function each time frame. The formation of feature vectors defining all acoustic speech units over well defined time frames can be used for purposes of speech coding, speech compression, speaker identification, language-of-speech identification, speech recognition, speech synthesis, speech translation, speech telephony, and speech teaching.

> 5,742,233 Personal security and tracking system

> #### Abstract

> A signaling system comprises a portable signaling unit, a remote alarm switch device, a central dispatch station, and a wireless communication system such as a cellular or telephone system, etc., and a GPS or alike system. The portable signaling unit and the remote alarm switch may be adapted to be worn at different locations on the person's body. The remote alarm switch may be concealed in the form of a wristband or in the form of any other object such as a broach, pendant, or keychain. When the person in distress activates the remote alarm switch or when the remote alarm switch is removed from the individual by a forceful or unauthorized action or when the signaling unit is removed from the proximity of the remote alarm switch, the portable signaling unit sends a data transmission which includes its location to the central dispatch station. The portable signaling unit also has manual alarm trigger capabilities so it can be used without the remote alarm switch unit. The central dispatch station receives the data transmission and accurately displays the user identification, stored personal information, nature of the alarm; in addition the location of the portable signaling unit is superimposed on a digitized map at a position corresponding to the location of the person wearing the portable signaling unit. The portable signaling unit can be remotely activated from a central dispatch station to determine and monitor the location of the portable signaling unit.

> 5,760,692 Intra-oral tracking device

> #### Abstract

> An intra-oral tracking device adapted for use in association with a tooth having a buccal surface and a lingual surface, the apparatus comprises a tooth mounting member having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface including adhesive material; a remote transmitter-receiver assembly including means to transmit and receive electronic signals, the transmitter-receiver being affixed to the outer surface of the tooth mounting member, the remote transmitter-receiver assembly positioned adjacent to the buccal surface of the tooth; and a base transmitter-receiver device including means to transmit and receive electronic signals, the device including a transmission button and a display screen, in an operative orientation a user depressing the transmission button of the base transmitter-receiver device to activate the remote transmitter-receiver, activation of the remote transmitter-receiver device causing the transmission of electrical signals for receipt by the base transmitter-receiver device, the base transmitter-receiver device thereby displaying the location of the remote transmitter-receiver assembly to enable a user to locate a lost individual.

> 5,767,788 Computer aided dispatch and locator cellular system

> #### Abstract

> A cellular phone type network tracks public safety workers and their vehicles for computer aided dispatching and automatic vehicle and personnel locating. A worker carried repeater unit communicates by radio with nearby cells, sending periodic identifying signals. The network locates the unit position by methods used for 911 caller locating. A vehicle mounted mobile data terminal with input and display is in short range wireless communication with the repeater unit to communicate therethrough with the network. A panic button on the repeater unit initiates rapid emergency signals to the network to both call for help and locate the worker/vehicle.

> 5,782,874 Method and apparatus for manipulating nervous systems

> #### Abstract

> Apparatus and method for manipulating the nervous system of a subject through afferent nerves, modulated by externally applied weak fluctuating electric fields, tuned to certain frequencies such as to excite a resonance in certain neural circuits. Depending on the frequency chosen, excitation of such resonances causes relaxation, sleepiness, sexual excitement, or the slowing of certain cortical processes. The weak electric field for causing the excitation is applied to skin areas away from the head of the subject, such as to avoid substantial polarization current densities in the brain. By exploiting the resonance phenomenon, these physiological effects can be brought about by very weak electric fields produced by compact battery-operated devices with very low current assumption. The fringe field of doublet electrodes that form a parallel-plate condenser can serve as the required external electric field to be administered to the subject's skin. Several such doublets can be combined such as to induce an electric field with short range, suitable for localized field administration. A passive doublet placed such as to face the doublet on either side causes a boost of the distant induced electric field, and allows the design of very compact devices. The method and apparatus can be used by the general public as an aid to relaxation, sleep, or arousal, and clinically for the control and perhaps the treatment of tremors and seizures, and disorders of the autonomic nervous system, such as panic attacks.

> 5,800,481 Thermal excitation of sensory resonances

> #### Abstract

> In man, autonomic and cortical resonances of the nervous system can be excited by inducing subliminal heat pulses in the skin by means of a resistive heat patch, laser, heat lamp, or microwave radiation, or through a slow air jet that carries a small periodic fluctuation in temperature. Deeply subliminal skin temperature oscillations of frequency near 1/2 Hz induced in a subject by any of these means cause sleepiness, drowziness, relaxation, a tonic smile, ptosis of the eyelids, a tense feeling, sudden loose stool, or sexual excitement, depending on the precise pulse frequency used. For certain higher frequencies, the induced subliminal skin temperature oscillations cause fractured thought and a slowing of certain cortical processes. The method and apparatus can be used by the general public as an aid to relaxation, sleep, or arousal, and clinically for the control and perhaps treatment of tremors, seizures, and emotional disorders. There is further application in the form of nonlethal weapons, involving a pulsed infrared laser or a pulsed microwave beam, tuned to a sensory resonance pulse frequency.

> 5,850,196 Tracking device for pets

> #### Abstract

> A new tracking device for pets for locating objects. The inventive device includes a microchip transmitter encapsulated within a biologically inert material and coupled with respect to a pet and communicating with a satellite system.

> 5,868,100 Fenceless animal control system using GPS location information

> #### Abstract

> A fenceless animal confinement system comprising portable units attached to the animal and including means for receiving GPS signals and for providing stimulation to the animal. The GPS signals are processed to provide location information which is compared to the desired boundary parameters. If the animal has moved outside the desired area, the stimulation means is activated. The signal processing circuitry may be included either within the portable unit or within a separate fixed station.

> 5,868,103 Method and apparatus for controlling an animal

> #### Abstract

> An apparatus for controlling an animal wherein the animal receives a control stimulus of the release of a substance having an adverse effect upon the animal as a corrective measure. The apparatus includes a transmitter for producing a transmitted field, and a releasable collar for attaching to the neck of the animal. The collar includes a receiver for receiving the transmitted field and for producing a received signal, a control circuit for determining when the received signal indicates that the animal requires a corrective measure and for producing a control signal, a container for containing the substance having an adverse effect upon the animal, and a mechanism for releasing the substance from the container into the presence of the animal upon the production of the control signal by the control circuit. In use, the transmitter is set to produce the transmitted field and the collar is attached to the neck of the animal. As the animal moves about, the receiver in the collar receives the transmitted field and produces a received signal. The control circuit determines when the received signal indicates that the animal requires a corrective measure. A control signal is produced by the control circuit when the determination is made that the animal requires a corrective measure. Upon the production of the control signal, the substance having an adverse effect upon the animal is released from the container and into the presence of the animal.

> 5,878,155 Method for verifying human identity during electronic sale transactions

> #### Abstract

> A method is presented for facilitating sales transactions by electronic media. A bar code or a design is tattooed on an individual. Before the sales transaction can be consummated, the tattoo is scanned with a scanner. Characteristics about the scanned tattoo are compared to characteristics about other tattoos stored on a computer database in order to verify the identity of the buyer. Once verified, the seller may be authorized to debit the buyer's electronic bank account in order to consummate the transaction. The seller's electronic bank account may be similarly updated.

> 5,888,187 Implantable microphone

> #### Abstract

> The present invention is directed to methods for amplifying vocal (i.e., speech) and other sounds produced by humans and other animals. The present invention provides implantable microphones and sound amplification systems suitable for use in diagnostic and research settings, as well as for use by subject's in need of assistance to vocalize.

> Manipulation of nervous systems by electric fields

> #### Abstract

> Apparatus and method for manipulating the nervous system of a subject through afferent nerves, modulated by an externally applied weak electric field. The field frequency is to be chosen such that the modulation causes excitation of a sensory resonance. The resonances found so far include one near 1/2 Hz which affects the autonomic nervous system, and a resonance near 2.4 Hz that causes slowing of certain cortical processes. Excitation of the 1/2 Hz autonomic resonance causes relaxation, sleepiness, ptosis of the eyelids, or sexual excitement, depending on the precise frequency used. The weak electric field for causing the excitation is applied to skin areas away from the head of the subject, such as to avoid substantial polarization current densities in the brain. Very weak fields suffice for bringing about the physiological effects mentioned. This makes it possible to excite sensory resonances with compact battery powered devices that have a very low current consumption. The method and apparatus can be used by the general public as an aid to relaxation, sleep, or sexual arousal, and clinically for the control and perhaps the treatment of tremors and seizures, and disorders of the autonomic nervous system, such as panic attacks.

> 5,901,660 Communications system for monitoring the presence of animals in a natural feeding environment

> #### Abstract

> A communications system permits animal carried transponders, such as ear tag transponders, to be selectively addressed and detected when an animal is proximate to an unterminated wire. Addresses impressed on a frequency carrier on the unterminated wire are coupled to an animal's transponder using a near field coupling, such as an electrical field coupling. When an animal's address is detected, the animal's transponder responds with a data stream carrying a tone or with a signal of different frequency coupled to the unterminated wire. Coupling is enhanced by connecting signals to be transmitted and a receiver for signals to be received to the animal's body. The unterminated wire can be positioned along a feeding/water trough in an agricultural environment to detect when a particular animal feeds or around a gate to detect when an animal passes through the gate.

> 5,905,461 Global positioning satellite tracking device

> #### Abstract

> A global positioning and tracking system for locating one of a person and item of property. The global positioning and tracking system comprises at least one tracking device for connection to the one of the person and item of property including a processing device for determining a location of the tracking device and generating a position signal and a transmitter for transmitting said position signal. The position signal is transmitted to a relay station strategically positioned about a desired monitoring area. The relay station includes a device for receiving the positional signal and determining if the received position signal is a valid signal and a device for relaying the position signal upon determining the position signal is valid to a central monitoring station. The central monitoring station receives the validated positional signal from the relay station and analyzes the position signal for monitoring the position of the tracking device. The system may also include a tracking satellite for receiving the validated position signal from the relay station and re-transmitting the position signal to the central monitoring station when the central monitoring station is located outside the transmission range of the relay station.

> 5,922,016 Apparatus for electric stimulation of auditory nerves of a human being

> #### Abstract

> Apparatus for electric stimulation and diagnostics of auditory nerves of a human being, e.g. for determination of sensation level (SL), most conformable level (MCL) and uncomfortable level (UCL) audibility curves, includes a stimulator detachably secured to a human being for sending a signal into a human ear, and an electrode placed within the human ear and electrically connected to the stimulator by an electric conductor for conducting the signals from the stimulator into the ear. A control unit is operatively connected to the stimulator for instructing the stimulator as to characteristics of the generated signals being transmitted to the ear.

> 5,935,054 Magnetic excitation of sensory resonances

> #### Abstract

> The invention pertains to influencing the nervous system of a subject by a weak externally applied magnetic field with a frequency near 1/2 Hz. In a range of amplitudes, such fields can excite the 1/2 sensory resonance, which is the physiological effect involved in "rocking the baby". The wave form of the stimulating magnetic field is restricted by conditions on the spectral power density, imposed in order to avoid irritating the brain and the risk of kindling. The method and apparatus can be used by the general public as an aid to relaxation, sleep, or arousal, and clinically for the control of tremors, seizures, and emotional disorders

> 5,952,600 Engine disabling weapon

> #### Abstract

> A non-lethal weapon for disabling an engine such as that of a fleeing car by means of a high voltage discharge that perturbs or destroys the electrical circuits. The transmission of the disabling voltage to the distant target is via two channels of electrically conductive air. The conductive channels are created by multi-photon and collisional ionization within the paths of two beams of coherent (laser) or collimated incoherent ultraviolet radiation directed to the target. A single beam may be used when the high voltage source and the target are grounded. The high-voltage current flows from electrodes at the origin of the beams along the channels of free electrons within them.

> 5,954,629 Brain wave inducing system

> #### Abstract

> Sensors are provided for detecting brain waves of a user, and a band-pass filter is provided for extracting a particular brain waves including an .alpha. wave included in a detected brain wave. The band-pass filter comprises a first band-pass filter having a narrow pass band, and a second band-pass filter having a wide pass band. One of the first and second band-pass filters is selected, and a stimulation signal is produced in dependency on an .alpha. wave extracted by a selected band-pass filter. In accordance with the stimulation signal, a stimulation light is emitted to the user in order to induce the user to relax or sleeping state.

> 5,954,630 FM theta-inducing audible sound, and method, device and recorded medium to generate the same

> #### Abstract

> An audible sound of modulated wave where a very low-frequency wave of about 20 hertz or lower is superposed on an audio low-frequency wave effectively stimulates Fm theta in human brain waves to improve attention and concentration during mental tasks when auditorily administered. The audible sound is also effective in stimulation of human alpha wave when the very low-frequency wave lies within the range of about 2-10 hertz. Such audible sound is artificially obtainable by generating an electric signal which contains such a modulated wave, and transducing it into audible sound wave.

> 6,006,188 Speech signal processing for determining psychological or physiological characteristics using a knowledge base

> #### Abstract

> A speech-based system for assessing the psychological, physiological, or other characteristics of a test subject is described. The system includes a knowledge base that stores one or more speech models, where each speech model corresponds to a characteristic of a group of reference subjects. Signal processing circuitry, which may be implemented in hardware, software and/or firmware, compares the test speech parameters of a test subject with the speech models. In one embodiment, each speech model is represented by a statistical time-ordered series of frequency representations of the speech of the reference subjects. The speech model is independent of a priori knowledge of style parameters associated with the voice or speech. The system includes speech parameterization circuitry for generating the test parameters in response to the test subject's speech. This circuitry includes speech acquisition circuitry, which may be located remotely from the knowledge base. The system further includes output circuitry for outputting at least one indicator of a characteristic in response to the comparison performed by the signal processing circuitry. The characteristic may be time-varying, in which case the output circuitry outputs the characteristic in a time-varying manner. The output circuitry also may output a ranking of each output characteristic. In one embodiment, one or more characteristics may indicate the degree of sincerity of the test subject, where the degree of sincerity may vary with time. The system may also be employed to determine the effectiveness of treatment for a psychological or physiological disorder by comparing psychological or physiological characteristics, respectively, before and after treatment.

> 6,011,991 Communication system and method including brain wave analysis and/or use of brain activity

> #### Abstract

> A system and method for enabling human beings to communicate by way of their monitored brain activity. The brain activity of an individual is monitored and transmitted to a remote location (e.g. by satellite). At the remote location, the monitored brain activity is compared with pre-recorded normalized brain activity curves, waveforms, or patterns to determine if a match or substantial match is found. If such a match is found, then the computer at the remote location determines that the individual was attempting to communicate the word, phrase, or thought corresponding to the matched stored normalized signal.

> 6,014,080 Body worn active and passive tracking device

> #### Abstract

> Tamper resistant body-worn tracking device to be worn by offenders or potential victims for use in a wireless communication system receiving signals from a global positioning system (GPS). The tracking device directly communicates spacial coordinates to multiple remote sites. The tracking device is an enclosed case worn on a limb of a person. The case contains a battery, a signaling device, and a circuit board containing a field programmable gate array, a wireless data modem, a conventional GPS receiver, and a matched filtering GPS receiver.

> 6,017,302 Subliminal acoustic manipulation of nervous systems

> #### Abstract

> In human subjects, sensory resonances can be excited by subliminal atmospheric acoustic pulses that are tuned to the resonance frequency. The 1/2 Hz sensory resonance affects the autonomic nervous system and may cause relaxation, drowsiness, or sexual excitement, depending on the precise acoustic frequency near 1/2 Hz used. The effects of the 2.5 Hz resonance include slowing of certain cortical processes, sleepiness, and disorientation. For these effects to occur, the acoustic intensity must lie in a certain deeply subliminal range. Suitable apparatus consists of a portable battery-powered source of weak subaudio acoustic radiation. The method and apparatus can be used by the general public as an aid to relaxation, sleep, or sexual arousal, and clinically for the control and perhaps treatment of insomnia, tremors, epileptic seizures, and anxiety disorders. There is further application as a nonlethal weapon that can be used in law enforcement standoff situations, for causing drowsiness and disorientation in targeted subjects. It is then preferable to use venting acoustic monopoles in the form of a device that inhales and exhales air with subaudio frequency.

> 6,039,688 Therapeutic behavior modification program, compliance monitoring and feedback system

> #### Abstract

> A therapeutic behavior modification program, compliance monitoring and feedback system includes a server-based relational database and one or more microprocessors electronically coupled to the server. The system enables development of a therapeutic behavior modification program having a series of milestones for an individual to achieve lifestyle changes necessary to maintain his or her health or recover from ailments or medical procedures. The program may be modified by a physician or trained case advisor prior to implementation. The system monitors the individual's compliance with the program by prompting the individual to enter health-related data, correlating the individual's entered data with the milestones in the behavior modification program and generating compliance data indicative of the individual's progress toward achievement of the program milestones. The system also includes an integrated system of graphical system interfaces for motivating the individual to comply with the program. Through the interfaces, the individual can access the database to review the compliance data and obtain health information from a remote source such as selected sites on the Internet. The system also provides an electronic calendar integrated with the behavior modification program for signaling the individual to take action pursuant to the behavior modification program in which the calendar accesses the relational database and integrates requirements of the program with the individual's daily schedule, and an electronic journal for enabling the individual to enter personal health-related information into the system on a regular basis. In addition, the system includes an electronic meeting room for linking the individual to a plurality of other individuals having related behavior modification programs for facilitating group peer support sessions for compliance with the program. The system enables motivational media presentations to be made to the individuals in the electronic meeting room as part of the group support session to facilitate interactive group discussion about the presentations. The entire system is designed around a community of support motif including a graphical electronic navigator operable by the individual to control the microprocessor for accessing different parts of the system.

> 6,051,594 Methods and formulations for modulating the human sexual response

> #### Abstract

> The invention is directed to improved methods for modulating the human sexual response by orally administering a formulation of the vasodilator phentolamine to the blood circulation and thereby modulating the sexual response on demand.

> 6,052,336 Apparatus and method of broadcasting audible sound using ultrasonic sound as a carrier

> #### Abstract

> An ultrasonic sound source broadcasts an ultrasonic signal which is amplitude and/or frequency modulated with an information input signal originating from an information input source. If the signals are amplitude modulated, a square root function of the information input signal is produced prior to modulation. The modulated signal, which may be amplified, is then broadcast via a projector unit, whereupon an individual or group of individuals located in the broadcast region detect the audible sound.

> 6,081,744 Electric fringe field generator for manipulating nervous systems

> #### Abstract

> Apparatus and method for manipulating the nervous system of a subject through afferent nerves, modulated by externally applied weak fluctuating electric fields, tuned to certain frequencies such as to excite a resonance in neural circuits. Depending on the frequency chosen, excitation of such resonances causes in a human subject relaxation, sleepiness, sexual excitement, or the slowing of certain cortical processes. The electric field used for stimulation of the subject is induced by a pair of field electrodes charged to opposite polarity and placed such that the subject is entirely outside the space between the field electrodes. Such configuration allows for very compact devices where the field electrodes and a battery-powered voltage generator are contained in a small casing, such as a powder box. The stimulation by the weak external electric field relies on frequency modulation of spontaneous spiking patterns of afferent nerves. The method and apparatus can be used by the general public as an aid to relaxation, sleep, or arousal, and clinically for the control and perhaps the treatment of tremors and seizures, and disorders of the autonomic nervous system, such as panic attacks.

> 6,091,994 Pulsative manipulation of nervous systems

> #### Abstract

> Method and apparatus for manipulating the nervous system by imparting subliminal pulsative cooling to the subject's skin at a frequency that is suitable for the excitation of a sensory resonance. At present, two major sensory resonances are known, with frequencies near 1/2 Hz and 2.4 Hz. The 1/2 Hz sensory resonance causes relaxation, sleepiness, ptosis of the eyelids, a tonic smile, a "knot" in the stomach, or sexual excitement, depending on the precise frequency used. The 2.4 Hz resonance causes the slowing of certain cortical activities, and is characterized by a large increase of the time needed to silently count backward from 100 to 60, with the eyes closed. The invention can be used by the general public for inducing relaxation, sleep, or sexual excitement, and clinically for the control and perhaps a treatment of tremors, seizures, and autonomic system disorders such as panic attacks. Embodiments shown are a pulsed fan to impart subliminal cooling pulses to the subject's skin, and a silent device which induces periodically varying flow past the subject's skin, the flow being induced by pulsative rising warm air plumes that are caused by a thin resistive wire which is periodically heated by electric current pulses.

> 6,114,957 Pet locator system

> #### Abstract

> A system for locating movable objects and detecting the failure of the object to visit a designated area within a predetermined time, including a base unit, a transceiver attached to the movable object, and a locating device. The base unit includes a transmitter circuit which generates a first signal for substantially continuous transmission within a zone, which encompasses the designated area. When the movable object enters the zone, the receiver portion of the transceiver receives the first signal and resets a timer within the transceiver. If the movable object fails to revisit the zone within the predetermined time, based on predictions of the movable object's movements, the timer times out and switches the transceiver transmitter into an active mode wherein the transceiver emits a second signal. The second signal, which may contain information identifying the movable object, can be detected by using a portable locating device having a directional antenna which is used to track down and recover the movable object. In an alternate embodiment, a fixed mast-mounted locator receiver detects the second signal and provides information regarding the approximate location of the movable object.

> 6,122,322 Subliminal message protection

> #### Abstract

> The present invention relates to a method and to a system for detecting a first context change between two frames. When a second context change between a further two frames occurs within a predetermined time interval, the frames accommodated within the two context changes are defined as a subliminal message. An alarm is sent to an observer upon detection of a subliminal message.

> 6,135,944 Method of inducing harmonious states of being

> #### Abstract

> A method of inducing harmonious states of being using vibrational stimuli, preferably sound, comprised of a multitude of frequencies expressing a specific pattern of relationship. Two base signals are modulated by a set of ratios to generate a plurality of harmonics. The harmonics are combined to form a "fractal" arrangement.

> 6,167,304 Pulse variability in electric field manipulation of nervous systems

> #### Abstract

> Apparatus and method for manipulating the nervous system of a subject by applying to the skin a pulsing external electric field which, although too weak to cause classical nerve stimulation, modulates the normal spontaneous spiking patterns of certain kinds of afferent nerves. For certain pulse frequencies the electric field stimulation can excite in the nervous system resonances with observable physiological consequences. Pulse variability is introduced for the purpose of thwarting habituation of the nervous system to the repetitive stimulation, or to alleviate the need for precise tuning to a resonance frequency, or to control pathological oscillatory neural activities such as tremors or seizures. Pulse generators with stochastic and deterministic pulse variability are disclosed, and the output of an effective generator of the latter type is characterized.

> 6,174,278 Implantable Microphone

> #### Abstract

> The present invention is directed to methods for amplifying vocal (i.e., speech) and other sounds produced by humans and other animals. The present invention provides implantable microphones and sound amplification systems suitable for use in diagnostic and research settings, as well as for use by subject's in need of assistance to vocalize.

> 6,236,358 Mobile object locator

> #### Abstract

> There is disclosed a method and apparatus for an object locator system (10) for requesting and obtaining information about the location of a mobile object, having attached thereon a lightweight object locator (42), operable in a region served by a two-way paging system (12) and a global positioning satellite system (50). The object locator (42) may be selectively activated to conserve power or enabled to respond only when beyond or within a boundary. Further, the object locator system (10) may provide the location information in several forms including rectangular or polar coordinates referred to a base station (18) or origin, position on a map display, etc. In alternate embodiments the two-way paging system (12) may be substituted by a direct wireless link or a satellite relay communications link; the location information may be translated into human readable form either before or after transmission from the object locator; the location information may be presented at an output as selectable text, spoken message or graphic display including a map; the location information may have associated therewith other information such as time the location was determined, the status of the object locator, the condition of the battery, position of the object locator relative to a boundary or electronic fence or to indicate an alarm condition; or the location information may be accessed or delivered by dial-up or automatic means.

> 6,238,333 Remote magnetic manipulation of nervous systems

> #### Abstract

> Apparatus and method for remote manipulation of nervous systems by the magnetic dipole field of a rotating bar magnet. Reliance on modulation of spontaneous spiking patterns of sensory nerve receptors, and exploitation of a resonance mechanism of certain neural circuits, allows the use of very weak magnetic fields. This, together with the large magnetic moments that can be obtained with a permanent bar magnet, makes it possible to effectively manipulate the nervous system of a subject over a distance of several hundred meters, using a small portable battery-powered device. The method can be used in law enforcement for standoff situations.

> 6,239,705 Intra oral electronic tracking device

> #### Abstract

> An improved stealthy, non-surgical, biocompatable electronic tracking device is provided in which a housing is placed intraorally. The housing contains microcircuitry. The microcircuitry comprises a receiver, a passive mode to active mode activator, a signal decoder for determining positional fix, a transmitter, an antenna, and a power supply. Optionally, an amplifier may be utilized to boost signal strength. The power supply energizes the receiver. Upon receiving a coded activating signal, the positional fix signal decoder is energized, determining a positional fix. The transmitter subsequently transmits through the antenna a position locating signal to be received by a remote locator. In another embodiment of the present invention, the microcircuitry comprises a receiver, a passive mode to active mode activator, a transmitter, an antenna and a power supply. Optionally, an amplifier may be utilized to boost signal strength. The power supply energizes the receiver. Upon receiving a coded activating signal, the transmitter is energized. The transmitter subsequently transmits through the antenna a homing signal to be received by a remote locator.

> 6,258,022 Behavior modification

> #### Abstract

> Behavior modification of a human subject takes place under hypnosis, when the subject is in a relaxed state. A machine plays back a video or audio recording, during which the subject is instructed to activate a device to create a perceptible stimulation which is linked, through the hypnosis, with a visualization of enhanced or improved performance. After the hypnosis, the user can reactivate the device at will, whenever the improved performance, such as an improved sporting performance, is desired. This will again create the perceptible stimulation and thus induce the required visualization.

> 6,292,688 Method and apparatus for analyzing neurological response to emotion-inducing stimuli

> #### Abstract

> A method of determining the extent of the emotional response of a test subject to stimului having a time-varying visual content, for example, an advertising presentation. The test subject is positioned to observe the presentation for a given duration, and a path of communication is established between the subject and a brain wave detector/analyzer. The intensity component of each of at least two different brain wave frequencies is measured during the exposure, and each frequency is associated with a particular emotion. While the subject views the presentation, periodic variations in the intensity component of the brain waves of each of the particular frequencies selected is measured. The change rates in the intensity at regular periods during the duration are also measured. The intensity change rates are then used to construct a graph of plural coordinate points, and these coordinate points graphically establish the composite emotional reaction of the subject as the presentation continues.

> 6,313,733 Child pager system

> #### Abstract

> The present invention relates to a child pager system including a transmitter unit which may transmit one of a plurality of messages to a select one of a plurality of pager units. The transmitter unit has a plurality of channel selection switches each predesignated for a particular pager. The transmitter unit also has a plurality of transmission buttons each in communication with a separate light means on a pager unit whereby each transmission button transmits a signal indicating a different level of urgency to the pager carrier. Each pager unit has a panic means in communication with an internal transmission means that is automatically activated when the pager unit is removed from a carrier's belt. A panic signal is then transmitted to the transmitter unit and a light means on the transmitter unit is illuminated indicating which pager unit sent the signal. The panic means also activates a sound recording means on the pager unit whereby the carrier can quickly record a message in the event of an assault or another sudden emergency. The transmitter unit also has a plurality of lights each varying in color for indicating the relative distance of a pager unit in communication therewith.

> 6,317,049 Apparatus and method for locating missing persons, animals, and objects

> #### Abstract

> A micropower transponder operates in conjunction with a constellation of low-to-medium Earth-orbiting communication satellites. The transponder is attached to a person, animal, or object. The location of a missing person, animal, or lost object is ascertained by locating the transponder associated with that person, animal, or object. The transponder may be hidden in the individual's hair, timepiece, jewelry, or article of clothing; may be swallowed by the individual; may be implanted under the individual's skin; or incorporated into an inconspicuous hand-held device such as a cellular telephone, pager, or calculator. The transponder includes a receiver for receiving an interrogation radio signal and a transmitter for transmitting a response radio signal. The transponder transmits the response radio signal in response to the interrogation radio signal if the interrogation radio signal includes a code matching the access code stored in the transponder. The Doppler shift in frequency of the response radio signal is measured and the Doppler shift is used to determine the location of the transponder.

> 6,330,885 Remotely interrogated implant device with sensor for detecting accretion of biological matter

> #### Abstract

> An implant device which includes a structure implantable within a living animal and a sensor included as part of the structure. The sensor is operatively configured to detect accretion of biological material on the sensor by producing an output which varies as a function of the accretion of biological material on the sensor. A communication element is further included as part of the structure and is operatively coupled to the output of the sensor. The communication element is configured to communicate information based on the output of the sensor wirelessly to a remote element located outside the living animal.

> 6,347,281 Remote global positioning device and method

> #### Abstract

> A remote global positioning device which is configured to calculate its position and transmit information indicating its position along an existing radio network to a remote destination. The remote global positioning device includes a global positioning receiver configured to receive information from at least one satellite, a radio modem for transmitting information along the radio network to a remote destination, and a micro-controller in operable communication with the global positioning receiver and radio modem. The remote global positioning device is configured to calculate its position using information received from at least one satellite and is configured to transmit information indicating its position along the radio network to a remote destination using the radio modem. A method of locating a remote global positioning device is also provided, and the method includes having the remote global positioning device calculate its position and transmit information indicating its position along a radio network to a remote destination.

> 6,392,565 Automobile tracking and anti-theft system

> #### Abstract

> A computerized system deters theft of a vehicle where a subscriber maintains a remote computer terminal. A web host is connected to a wide area web network and includes a computer readable medium. A location unit is carried by the vehicle and calculates the location of the vehicle at any given time and transmits a low power digital location data packet having location data. A computer program has instructions embodied in computer readable code on the web host and receives a tracking request from a subscriber and transmits a tracking call to the location unit. The low power digital location data packet is transmitted from the location unit and represents the current position of the vehicle.

> 6,414,629 Tracking device

> #### Abstract

> A tracking system includes a target unit having a GPS receiver, a signal transmitter to send a signal including a position of the target unit; and a processor to calculate an optimal time interval for transmission of the signal. A locating unit has a GPS signal receiver, a compass to provide a reference direction of the locating unit, a signal receiver to receive the signal sent by the transmitter of the target unit, a processor to calculate a range and bearing from the locating unit to the target unit, and an indicator to display the range and bearing. In certain preferred embodiments, the processor calculates a confidence level indicating the reliability of the signal being sent.

> 6,421,001 Object locator

> #### Abstract

> There is disclosed an object locator system (10) for requesting and obtaining information about the location of an individual animal or moveable object, having a lightweight, attached object locator (42), that is present in a region served by a two-way paging system (12) and a global positioning satellite system (50). The object locator (42) may be selectively activated to conserve power or enabled to respond only when beyond or within a boundary. Further, the object locator system (10) may provide the location information in several forms including rectangular or polar coordinates referred to a base station (18) or origin, position on a map display, etc.

> 6,426,919 Portable and hand-held device for making humanly audible sounds responsive to the detecting of ultrasonic sounds

> #### Abstract

> A portable and hand-held device for making humanly audible sounds responsive to the detecting of ultrasonic sounds. The device includes a hand-held housing and circuitry that is contained in the housing. The circuitry includes a microphone that receives the ultrasonic sound, a first low voltage audio power amplifier that strengthens the signal from the microphone, a second low voltage audio power amplifier that further strengthens the signal from the first low voltage audio power amplifier, a 7-stage ripple carry binary counter that lowers the frequency of the signal from the second low voltage audio power amplifier so as to be humanly audible, a third low voltage audio power amplifier that strengthens the signal from the 7-stage ripple carry binary counter, and a speaker that generates a humanly audible sound from the third low voltage audio power amplifier.

> 6,430,443 Method and apparatus for treating auditory hallucinations

> #### Abstract

> Stimulating one or more vestibulocochlear nerves or cochlea or cochlear regions will treat, prevent and control auditory hallucinations.

> 6,448,895 Kidnap alarm with acceleration sensor

> #### Abstract

> A personal security device includes a motion sensor, such as a MEMS chip. In response to a characteristic motion pattern, especially acceleration of a car, the security device will trigger a consequence. The consequence might be an audible or visible alarm. Optionally the device may communicate with the engine to direct it to take some action, such as stopping or exploding air bags.

> 6,470,891 Photochromatic tattoo

> #### Abstract

> A tattoo that is invisible to the naked eye until the tattoo is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, whereupon the tattoo becomes visible to the naked eye, and which reverts to invisible upon removal from exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The tattoo is formed by embedding in the skin a mixture including a non-pigmented carrier and one or more photochromic compounds that undergo a photochemical transformation from colorless to colored upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and which revert to colorless upon removal from exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

> 6,487,531 Signal injection coupling into the human vocal tract for robust audible and inaudible voice recognition

> #### Abstract

> A means and method are provided for enhancing or replacing the natural excitation of the human vocal tract by artificial excitation means, wherein the artificially created acoustics present additional spectral, temporal, or phase data useful for (1) enhancing the machine recognition robustness of audible speech or (2) enabling more robust machine-recognition of relatively inaudible mouthed or whispered speech. The artificial excitation (a) may be arranged to be audible or inaudible, (b) may be designed to be non-interfering with another user's similar means, (c) may be used in one or both of a vocal content-enhancement mode or a complimentary vocal tract-probing mode, and/or (d) may be used for the recognition of audible or inaudible continuous speech or isolated spoken commands.

> 6,488,617 Method and device for producing a desired brain state

> #### Abstract

> A method and device for the production of a desired brain state in an individual contain means for monitoring and analyzing the brain state while a set of one or more magnets produce fields that alter this state. A computational system alters various parameters of the magnetic fields in order to close the gap between the actual and desired brain state. This feedback process operates continuously until the gap is minimized and/or removed.

> 6,506,148 Nervous system manipulation by electromagnetic fields from monitors see graphic

> #### Abstract

> Physiological effects have been observed in a human subject in response to stimulation of the skin with weak electromagnetic fields that are pulsed with certain frequencies near 1/2 Hz or 2.4 Hz, such as to excite a sensory resonance. Many computer monitors and TV tubes, when displaying pulsed images, emit pulsed electromagnetic fields of sufficient amplitudes to cause such excitation. It is therefore possible to manipulate the nervous system of a subject by pulsing images displayed on a nearby computer monitor or TV set. For the latter, the image pulsing may be imbedded in the program material, or it may be overlaid by modulating a video stream, either as an RF signal or as a video signal. The image displayed on a computer monitor may be pulsed effectively by a simple computer program. For certain monitors, pulsed electromagnetic fields capable of exciting sensory resonances in nearby subjects may be generated even as the displayed images are pulsed with subliminal intensity.

> 6,510,380 Security and tracking system

> #### Abstract

> A security and tracking apparatus is provided, comprising at least two signaling units in communicating proximity, and means for identifying the location of the signaling units. In one embodiment, a security and tracking apparatus is provided, comprising at least two signaling units in communicating proximity, and means for identifying and automatically transmitting the location of the signaling units when the signaling units are separated by more than a preselected distance. In a preferred embodiment, a method is provided to locate a person, an animal, or a material asset, comprising providing in contact with the person, animal, or material asset, at least two signaling units in communicating proximity, wherein at least one signaling unit is small and hidden and securely attached to the person, animal, or material asset, and the signaling units having means for identifying the location of the signaling units to a monitoring station; activating means for identifying the location of the signaling units by referencing the global positioning satellite (GPS) system; and notifying the monitoring station of said geographic location.

> 6,512,457 Monitoring device adapted for use with an electronic article surveillance system

> #### Abstract

> An apparatus monitors the movement of a person through an exit. The apparatus comprises an electronic article surveillance system adapted to generate an electromagnetic field at the exit and a tag worn by the person. The tag is responsive to the electromagnetic field. It is caused to alarm upon departure of the person from the exit. The tag is further provided with an alarm means for alarming the electronic article surveillance system.

> 6,515,619 Object location system

> #### Abstract

> An object locator device is disclosed for use in conjunction with both a GPS satellite system and a two-way communication satellite. The object locating system includes a mobile unit physically connected to the object to be located. The mobile unit includes a satellite communication transceiver capable of receiving and transmitting encoded signals. A decoder is associated with the satellite communication transceiver for decoding a unique signal associated with that mobile unit and for generating an activation signal upon receipt of the unique signal. The mobile unit further includes a GPS receiver which is activated in response to the receipt of the unique signal so that the GPS receiver generates a position signal representative of the position of the mobile unit. The output signal from the GPS receiver is connected as an input signal to the satellite communication transceiver such that the satellite communication transceiver transmits the.position signal to a base station on the communication satellite. The base station physically separated from the remote unit is operable to both transmit the unique signal to the communication satellite in order to activate the mobile unit as well as for receiving the position signal from the communication satellite following activation. The base station creates a display representative of the location of the mobile unit. Preferably, this display signal is transmitted via a telephone line and modem to a computer which generates the display on a computer monitor. Energy conservation algorithms including periodic activation of the satellite communication transceiver as well as activation of the satellite communication transceiver only when the position of the mobile unit has changed more than a threshold amount between periodic signals is disclosed.

> 6,529,723 Automated user notification system

> #### Abstract

> The present invention provides an automated user notification system for monitoring user items and notifying a user when selected conditions occur. A first portion of the notification system comprises a network operations center (NOC). The NOC stores user information about one or more user items and is further coupled to a plurality of communication devices that can automatically contact a user. A second portion of the notification system comprises at least one detector. The detector monitors one or more user items and provides information regarding selected conditions of the user items to the NOC via a communication link. When the information is received by the NOC, the NOC automatically matches the received information to information stored at the NOC to determine if a condition exist wherein the user should be automatically notified.

> 6,581,014 Apparatus and method for analysis of guided ultrasonic waves

> #### Abstract

> Method and apparatus for using a guided wave to determine the location of one or more flaws in an inspected object are disclosed. An ultrasonic guided wave is launched into the object using conventional ultrasound methods, and the reflected/received guided wave is sampled to capture a series of individual reflected waveforms. The individual reflected waveforms are then partitioned according to the sampling time. Each of the partitioned acquired waveforms is compared with a selected time-varying dispersion-modeled reference waveform associated with the unique geometry of the inspected object, a multiplicity of "theoretical" flaw locations, and the characteristics of the original ultrasonic guided wave. To make a comparison, the reference waveform is also generated as a series of partitioned waveforms which model the shape of a wave that may be expected to be reflected from a multiplicity of theoretical flaws located in the object. The shape of the reflected waveforms is correlated with the shape of the reference waveforms, and a high level of correlation indicates the presence of a real flaw at the theoretical flaw location.

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