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         MindNet Journal - Vol. 1, No. 59
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         V E R I C O M M / MindNet         "Quid veritas est?"
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    The views and opinions expressed below are not necessarily the
    views and opinions of VERICOMM, MindNet, or the editors unless
    otherwise noted.

    The following is reproduced here with the express permission of
    the author/publisher, _Resonance_ newsletter.

    Permission is given to reproduce and redistribute, for
    non-commercial purposes only, provided this information and the
    copy remain intact and unedited.

    Editor: Mike Coyle

    Assistant Editor: Rick Lawler

    Research: Darrell Bross

    Editor's Note:

    The diagrams mentioned in this article are available in GIF
    format at our FTP site as: [mn159a.gif], [mn159b.gif],
    [mn159c.gif].

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    REVIEW OF PATENTS RELATING TO SYNTHETIC TELEPATHY

    By Judy Wall

    RESONANCE

    Newsletter of the Bioelectromagnetics Special Interest Group

    Judy Wall, Editor, 684 C.R. 535, Sumterville, FL 33585 USA

    Sample of Newsletter $4.00, Subscription (4 per year) $15.00.

    Number 30, March 1996

    Pages 38 to 44.

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       There are at least two patents dealing with the concept of
    transmitting sound, voices, and other audio phenomena directly to
    the brain, bypassing the normal auditory processes commonly
    associated with the sense of "hearing." In a previous article this
    situation was called "synthetic telepathy," and literature
    reviewed at that time revealed only the most rudimentary research
    had been done to support the existence of this phenomenon.
    Synopsis: In 1961, Allen Fry documented the ability of the human
    brain to "hear" certain microwave pulses. Joseph Sharp and Mark
    Grove, in 1973, successfully performed an experiment in which
    words were modulated onto a microwave frequency and communicated
    directly to the human brain. A.W. Guy et al. stated that the most
    likely mechanism for the interaction of the electromagnetic (EM)
    field with the brain was by the conversion of the EM energy to
    acoustic energy through thermal expansion.(1) Mike Coyle updates
    Frey's research [MC: see Appendix A. for this update] elsewhere
    in this issue to include the possibility of other mechanisms,
    including direct interaction with the magnetic fields around
    neurons.

    FLANAGAN PATENT

       Dr. Gillis Patrick Flanagan has over 300 inventions to his
    credit. At the age of 11 he invented his first device, a "sleep
    machine." At the ripe old age of 14 he invented the Neurophone, a
    radio transmitter that, when connected to the body through
    electrodes, sends electrical impulses through the human nervous
    system directly to the brain. He says, "When I first applied for
    a patent on the device, no one at the patent office believed such
    a device could possibly work." As a result, it took six years
    before he received the first patent, and that was "only after we
    made a nerve-deaf employee at the patent office 'hear' for the
    first time in fifteen years."(2)

       The patent here described is U.S. #3,393,279, applied for
    March 13, 1962 and granted July 16, 1968, entitled "Nervous
    System Excitation Device" and the abstract reads:

       "A method of transmitting audio information to the brain of a
    subject through the nervous system of the subject which method
    comprises, in combination, the steps of generating a radio
    frequency signal having a frequency in excess of the highest
    frequency of the audio information to be transmitted, modulating
    said radio frequency signal with the audio information to be
    transmitted, and applying said modulation radio frequency signal
    to a pair of insulated electrodes and placing both of the said
    insulated electrodes in physical contact with the skin of said
    subject, the strength of said radio frequency electromagnetic
    field being high enough at the skin surface to cause the
    sensation of hearing the audio information modulated thereon in
    the brain of said subject and low enough so that said subject
    experiences no physical discomfort."

       Excerpts from the patent read:

       "The present invention involves the discovery that certain
    electromagnetic waves induce responses in the nervous systems of
    mammals. In human beings a response is produced when some or all
    of a person's nervous system is placed within a field of
    electromagnetic waves having a radio frequency above the audible
    range. In addition, when the nervous system of a person is
    contacted by modulated electromagnetic carrier waves of such a
    frequency, the nervous system is responsive to the modulation of
    the carrier waves. Each individual nervous system is at least
    somewhat selective in respect to the frequencies to which it is
    most responsive. ...

       "In the method of the present invention, a response is
    initiated in the nervous system of a mammal by disposing at least
    a portion of that nervous system within a field of
    electromagnetic waves of a radio frequency above the aural range.
    ...In a particularly preferred embodiment of this invention, at
    least a portion of the nervous system of a person is exposed to
    audio modulated electromagnetic waves having a radio frequency
    such that the person experiences the sensation of hearing,
    substantially free of distortion, the information which is
    conveyed by the modulation.

       "The present invention may be used as a hearing aid, as an aid
    to teaching speech to a person who was born deaf, as a means of
    communicating with persons in locations in which the noise level
    is high, as a device by which a person can listen to an audio
    signal that cannot be heard by the others, etc."

       This last sentence presaged a later application of the
    Neurophone to save the lives of American soldiers during a
    Vietnam War. Ordinary communication devices with their high
    extraneous noise levels, when used in the stillness of tunnels,
    would give away the soldier's location to the enemy and result in
    his immediate death. The Neurophone granted our soldiers access
    to communications while cloaked in acoustic imperceptibility.

       This remarkable device can enable people born deaf to "hear"
    -- some immediately, others with some practice(5), but an amazing
    accomplishment nonetheless. At the time of invention Flanagan was
    offered one million dollars by a Corpus Christi company if he
    could adapt it to send visual images to the brain so that blind
    people could "see."(3)

       The neurophone may be used for subliminal and/or superlearning
    as it transmits data directly into the brain's long-term memory
    storage banks, although Dr. Flanagan did not mention exactly when
    he first became aware of this remarkable property of the
    invention. He also said that the audio information could be
    modulated onto a microwave carrier, as in the following Stocklin
    patent.(5)

       The original patent utilized vacuum tubes. Flanagan later
    applied for a patent on an improved digital version using
    transistors, U.S. #3,647,970, entitled "Method and System for
    Simplifying Speech Waveforms," patent applied for August 29,
    1969, granted March 7, 1972. The abstract for the patent reads:

       "A speech waveform is converted to a constant amplitude square
    wave in which the transitions between the amplitude extremes are
    spaced so as to carry the speech information. The system includes
    a pair of tuned amplifier circuits which act as high-pass filters
    having 6 decibel per octave slope 0 to 15,000 cycles followed by
    two stages, each comprised of an amplifier and clipper circuit,
    for converting the filtered waveform to a square wave. A radio
    transmitter and receiver having a plurality of separate channels
    within a conventional single side band transmitter bandwidth and
    a system for transmitting secure speech information are also
    disclosed."

       Later in the patent we read:

       "This invention is concerned with a method and system for
    simplifying a complex speech waveform so that it can be used for
    a multitude of applications... The simplified speech waveform can
    be transmitted directly through the earth or water as a pressure
    wave, and understood, either directly from the medium, or after
    simple amplification. The simplified waveform can easily be
    encoded by scrambling to provide secure voice communications..."

       At this point, the Department of Defense slapped a secrecy
    order on Flanagan's invention and he was not allowed to work on
    it nor talk about it to anyone for the next five years.(4) He
    does not know why they did it nor was he compensated for the loss
    of time or money (as it was not yet in production, the argument
    went, there is no monetary value to be compensated for). He
    speculates it might have been for any of several possibilities,
    the "secure speech" being one.(5) Chuck Allen suggested it was
    for the "underwater communications possibilities" to contact
    submarines. An interesting thought occurred to me in comparing
    the date of the patent with the date of the Sharp and Grove
    experiment. Did those scientists for the military get their
    inspiration from young Flanagan's patent?

       Patrick Flanagan states that he does not believe that the
    Neurophone can be used to accomplish a state of "mind control" as
    is so often associated with the idea of "artificial" or
    "synthetic" telepathy. That type of situation requires a person
    to be in a state of hypnosis or lessened awareness, and
    disconnectedness between the two halves of one's brain. The
    Neurophone, on the contrary, effects the synchronization of the
    brainwaves between the two halves of the brain, into a state of
    phase efficiency which makes the brain hemispheres coherent,
    approaching the Zen meditative state, thus facilitating a super
    awareness and the superlearning ability.(5)

       After the secrecy order was lifted, the Neurophone was
    marketed, but with only about 1,000 being produced. The good news
    is that this remarkable invention will again be available to the
    public in about 3 to 6 months' time. Patrick and his wife Gale
    Crystal are now in the process of setting up production. See the
    end of the article on how to contact them for more information.

    STOCKLIN PATENT

       A second quite remarkable patent, of more recent origin and
    complicated circuitry, by Philip L. Stocklin, is entitled simply
    "Hearing Device," dated August 22, 1989, and the patent number is
    U.S. #4,858,612. The abstract reads:

       "A method and apparatus for simulation of hearing in mammals
    by introduction of a plurality of microwaves into the region of
    the auditory cortex is shown and described. A microphone is used
    to transform sound signals into electrical signals which are in
    turn analyzed and processed to provide controls for generating a
    plurality of microwave signals at different frequencies. The
    multifrequency microwaves are then applied to the brain in the
    region of the auditory cortex. By this method sounds are
    perceived by the mammal which are representative of the original
    sound received by the microphone."

       This patent clearly picks up on the idea of beaming sounds
    directly to a person's brain by means of a microwave carrier
    frequency. Following are excerpts from the patent:

       "Results of theoretical analysis of the physics of brain
    tissue and brain/skull cavity, combined with experimentally
    determined electromagnetic properties of mammalian brain tissue,
    indicate the physical necessity for the existence of
    electromagnetic standing waves, called "modes" in the living
    mammalian brain. The mode characteristics may be determined by
    two geometric properties of the brain; these are the cephalic
    index of the brain (its shape in prolate spherical coordinates)
    and the semifocal distance of the brain (a measure of its size).
    It was concluded that estimation of brain cephalic index and
    semifocal distance using external skull measurements on subjects
    permits estimation of the subject's characteristic mode
    frequencies, which in turn will permit a mode by mode treatment
    of the data to simulate hearing...

       "...This invention provides for simulation of microwave
    radiation which is normally produced by the auditory cortex. ...

       "Neural stimulation results in the generation of a broad band
    of microwave photons by the change in rotational energy state of
    protons integral to the neuron membrane of the auditory cortex.
    The physical size and shape of the brain/skull cavity, together
    with the (semi-conductor) properties (conductivity and dielectric
    constant) of the brain tissue provide an electromagnetic resonant
    cavity. Specific single frequencies are constructively reinforced
    so that a number of standing electromagnetic waves, each at its
    own single electromagnetic frequency in the microwave frequency
    region, are generated in the brain. Each such standing
    electromagnetic wave is called a characteristic mode of the
    brain/skull cavity. ...

       "The auditory cortex in the normally functioning mammalian
    brain is a source of microwave modes. The auditory cortex
    generates these modes in accordance with the neural stimulation
    of the auditory cortex by the cochlear nerve. ...

       "In this invention, the function of the ear, the cochlear
    nerve, and the auditory cortex are simulated. Microwaves
    simulating the mode matrix are inserted directly into the region
    of the auditory cortex. By this insertion of simulated microwave
    modes, the normal operation of the entire natural hearing
    mechanism is simulated..."

       A block diagram is shown of Figures 1 and 2 of the patent
    (here semi-combined), as well as Figures 8 and 10.

       Basically, "A microphone pick-up is amplified and driven
    through a bank of 24 audio filters to produce 24 audio bands.
    These are used to amplitude modulate 24 RF milliwatt
    transmitters. The combined RF signals are transmitted through a
    suitable antenna into the person with impaired hearing due to
    damage to the ear, the cochlear nerve, or the auditory cortex."
    My thanks to Donald Stratton for this simplified version of the
    patent's operation. It appears to be much more complicated than
    the Flanagan patent. Those of you interested in the engineering
    details should obtain a complete copy of the patent for further
    perusal.

       More excerpts from the patent concerning determination of the
    subject's microwave mode frequencies: The first method is by
    using a modified microwave hearing generator in which one
    oscillator signal is beamed at the subject and varied until the
    maximum perception value is discovered. "The perception, however,
    may consist of a buzzing or hissing sound rather than a tone
    because only one microwave frequency is being received. The first
    test of perception is to determine the subject's lowest modal
    frequency for audition (M=1). Once this modal frequency is
    obtained, the process is repeated for several higher modal
    frequencies..."

       Another method is given: "Purely anatomical estimation of
    subject's modal frequencies is performed by first measuring the
    maximum lateral dimension (breadth) L Figure 8 of the subject's
    head together with the maximum dimension D (anterior to
    posterior) in the medial plane of the subject's head. D is the
    distance along Z axis as shown in Figure 10. The ratio L/D,
    called in anthropology the cephalic index, is monotonically
    related to the boundary value _E_o defining the ellipsoidal
    surface approximating the interface between the brain and the
    skull in the prolate spheroidal coordinate system. _E_o defines
    the shape of this interface: _E_o and D together give an
    estimate of a, the semi-focal distance of the defining ellipsoid.
    Using _E_o and a, together with known values of the conductivity
    and dielectric constants of the brain tissue, those wavelengths
    are found for which the radial component of the electric field
    satisfies the boundary condition that is zero at _E_o. These
    wavelengths are the wavelengths associated with the standing
    waves or modes; the corresponding frequencies are found by
    dividing the phase velocity of microwaves in brain tissue by
    each of the wavelengths."

       A third method: "A subject's microwave modal frequencies may
    also be determined by observing the effect of external microwave
    radiation upon the EEG. The frequency of the M equal 1 mode may
    then be used as a base point to estimate all other modal
    frequencies ...the subject is laterally irradiated with a
    monochromatic microwave field simultaneous with EEG measurement
    and the microwave frequency altered until a significant change
    occurs in the EEG, the lowest such frequency causing an EEG
    change is found. This is identified as the M+1 mode."

    REFERENCES

    1. See Resonance #28, May 1995, "Synthetic Telepathy," pp. 17-26.
    [MC: see also: MindNet Journal, Vol. 1, No. 32]

    2. Begich, Dr. Nick and Manning, Jeane, _Angels Don't Play This
    HAARP_, Earthpulse Press, Anchorage, AK; 1995, p.6.

    3. Moeser, William, "Whiz Kid, Hands Down," _Life_, Vol. 53 (11),
    Sept. 14, 1962, p 69f.

    4. Manning, Jeane, "Electronic Telepathy Device," unnamed source.

    5. Telephone conversation by author with Patrick and Gale Crystal
    Flanagan, Feb. 24, 1996.

    For more information about the Neurophone and other inventions,
    write to: Patrick Flanagan, 1109 S. Plaza Way, Flagstaff, AZ
    86001 U.S.A.

    ----------------------------------------------------------------
    Appendix A.
    -----------

    11/01/95

    Judy Wall, editor
    Resonance
    684 C.R. 535
    Sumterville, FL 33585

    Dear Ms. Wall,

         [...]

         I read "Synthetic Telepathy" with interest as you reference
    a paper written by Allan H. Frey in _Aerospace Med._, 1961. I
    possess a copy of a paper he wrote in 1962 for the _Journal of
    Applied Physiology_ on the same subject titled "Human Auditory
    System Response to Modulated Electromagnetic Energy." This
    article seems to be a result of Frey's further work in this area
    and modifies his earlier statements, made in the 1961 article,
    about the location and mechanisms of the RF detector in the
    auditory system.
         In your article it is stated, "This produces an acoustic
    stress wave that is conducted through the bone to the cochlea.
    From there it proceeds in the same manner as in conventional
    hearing."
         Frey's 1962 article states:

         "Another possible location for the detecting mechanism is in
    the cochlea. We have explored this possibility with nerve-deaf
    people, but the results are inconclusive due to factors such as
    tinnitus. We are currently exploring this possibility with
    animal preparations.
         "The third likely place for the detection mechanism is the
    brain. Burr and Mauro(6) presented evidence that indicates that
    there is an electrostatic field about neurons. Morrow and Sepiel
    (7) presented evidence that indicates the existence of a magnetic
    field about neurons. Becker (personal communication) has done
    some work indicating that there is longitudinal flow of charged
    carriers in neurons. Thus, it is reasonable to suspect that
    possibly the electromagnetic field could interact with neuron
    fields. As yet, evidence of this possibility is inconclusive. The
    strongest point against it is that we have not found visual
    effects although we have searched for them. On the other hand, we
    have obtained other nonauditory effects and have found that the
    sensitive area for detecting RF sounds is a region over the
    temporal lobe of the brain. One can shield, with a 2" x 2" piece
    of fly screen, a portion of the stippled area shown in Fig. 6 and
    completely cut off the RF sound.
         "Another possibility should also be considered. There is no
    good reason to assume that there is only one detector site. On
    the contrary, the work of Jones et al.(8), in which they placed
    electrodes in the ear and electrically stimulated the subject, is
    sufficiently relevant to suggest the possibility of more than one
    detector site. Also, several sensations have been elicited with
    properly modulated electromagnetic energy. It is doubtful that
    all of these can be attributed to one detector."

         As you can see, the third location that he is proposing does
    not involve simple mechanical effects on the cochlea via thermal
    expansion. Significantly, this seems to be related to the
    controversy that surrounds the debate over whether it is possible
    to affect the human organism with low-level RF and microwave
    energy that does not produce thermal effects. Of course, there
    have been many developments in the thirty years since these
    articles were written.
         I hope this information is of some use.

    Sincerely yours,

    Mike Coyle

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